Author: Ameeba

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in the Belkin F9K1122 version 1.00.33. This vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-7091, can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. It impacts the function formWlanMP of the file /goform/formWlanMP of the component webs. This vulnerability matters because it can be exploited remotely, and the exploit details have been made public. Furthermore, the vendor has not responded to early disclosure, leaving the systems vulnerable.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7091
Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Belkin F9K1122 | 1.00.33

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to a stack-based buffer overflow within the function formWlanMP of the file /goform/formWlanMP. This overflow is triggered by manipulating inputs to a series of arguments. By sending a specially crafted input to these arguments, an attacker can cause the system to write data beyond the intended buffer space, potentially leading to system crashes or, more worryingly, allowing the execution of arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP POST request with specifically crafted malicious data:

POST /goform/formWlanMP HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
ateFunc=OVERFLOW_DATA&ateGain=OVERFLOW_DATA&ateTxCount=OVERFLOW_DATA&ateChan=OVERFLOW_DATA&ateRate=OVERFLOW_DATA&ateMacID=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPower1=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPower2=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPower3=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPower4=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPower5=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPower6=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPower7=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTx2Power1=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTx2Power2=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTx2Power3=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTx2Power4=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTx2Power5=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTx2Power6=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTx2Power7=OVERFLOW_DATA&ateTxFreqOffset=OVERFLOW_DATA&ateMode=OVERFLOW_DATA&ateBW=OVERFLOW_DATA&ateAntenna=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxFreqOffset=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPwDeltaB=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPwDeltaG=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPwDeltaMix=OVERFLOW_DATA&e2pTxPwDeltaN=OVERFLOW_DATA&readE2P=OVERFLOW_DATA

In this example, “OVERFLOW_DATA” would be replaced with the data intended to overflow the buffer.

Mitigation

As of now, the vendor has not provided any patches for this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, it is recommended to implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Users are encouraged to keep a close watch on any updates from the vendor and apply patches as soon as they become available.

Overview

A recently discovered and publicly disclosed security vulnerability CVE-2025-7090 poses a significant risk to the users of Belkin F9K1122 1.00.33. This vulnerability, which is classified as critical, affects the function formConnectionSetting of the file /goform/formConnectionSetting of the webs component. It is of particular concern because it can lead to a system compromise or data leakage, and the exploit has been disclosed publicly and can be launched remotely. This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive overview of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and the recommended mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7090
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Belkin F9K1122 | 1.00.33

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the manipulation of the argument max_Conn/timeOut in the function formConnectionSetting. This manipulation leads to a stack-based buffer overflow, an error condition where the program attempts to put more data in a buffer than it can hold. This overflow can overwrite adjacent memory locations and cause erratic program behavior, including memory access errors, incorrect results, program termination, or a breach of system security.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /goform/formConnectionSetting HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
max_Conn=timeOut&value=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...

In this example, the attacker sends an HTTP POST request with an oversized value for the max_Conn/timeOut argument, causing a buffer overflow.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Note that these are not long-term solutions and do not fix the underlying vulnerability, but they can help protect against exploitation while a patch is developed. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way, emphasizing the importance of implementing interim defensive measures.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape continues to evolve with new vulnerabilities being discovered on a regular basis. The latest in the line of these vulnerabilities is CVE-2025-7088, a critical stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability found in Belkin F9K1122 1.00.33. This vulnerability, if exploited, gives attackers the opportunity to compromise the system or leak sensitive data, with the potential to cause significant harm to the affected organization.
Belkin devices are widely used in homes and businesses alike, making this vulnerability a critical issue that demands immediate attention. The threat is compounded by the fact that the exploit has been publicly disclosed, making it accessible to malicious actors looking to take advantage of unpatched systems. The vendor, Belkin, was contacted regarding this vulnerability but has yet to respond.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7088
Severity: Critical (8.8/10, CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Belkin F9K1122 | 1.00.33

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the formPPPoESetup function of the /goform/formPPPoESetup file. It allows an attacker to manipulate the argument pppUserName, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This type of overflow occurs when more data is written into a buffer than it can handle, causing it to overflow and overwrite adjacent memory locations. As this can be initiated remotely, it provides an opportunity for an attacker to inject malicious code, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a malicious POST request to the formPPPoESetup function with an oversized pppUserName argument, leading to the buffer overflow.

POST /goform/formPPPoESetup HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
pppUserName=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA... (continues to length that causes buffer overflow)

Note that this is a hypothetical example and the actual malicious payload would likely be more complex, potentially containing specific commands or scripts to be executed on the compromised system.

Recommended Mitigation

In the absence of a response from the vendor, Belkin, regarding a patch for this vulnerability, users are advised to implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary solution. These tools can help monitor network traffic and identify and block potential attacks. However, it is crucial to remain vigilant for updates from the vendor regarding a permanent fix.

Overview

The critical vulnerability CVE-2025-7087 discovered in Belkin F9K1122 1.00.33 has raised serious concerns among cybersecurity professionals. This vulnerability has the potential to compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage, posing a significant risk to any user of the affected Belkin device. The vendor has been unresponsive to the disclosure of this vulnerability, highlighting the urgency for users to take appropriate protective measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7087
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Belkin F9K1122 | 1.00.33

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the function formL2TPSetup of the file /goform/formL2TPSetup under the webs component. The manipulation of the L2TPUserName argument results in a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can be exploited remotely, leading to uncontrolled changes in the memory, which could potentially compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how a malicious actor might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /goform/formL2TPSetup HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
L2TPUserName=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

In this example, the L2TPUserName field is filled with an excessive number of “A” characters, triggering a stack overflow.

Mitigation Measures

Users are advised to apply vendor patches as soon as they become available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method. Regular monitoring of network traffic for any unusual activities can also help in early detection of possible attacks.

Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities are constantly being discovered and mitigated. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-7085, is a particularly critical one that affects the Belkin F9K1122, a widely-used networking device. This vulnerability is noteworthy due to its severity and the potential for remote exploitation, making it a significant concern for any organization or individual using the affected device. This vulnerability, if exploited, could lead to a complete system compromise and potential data leakage, amplifying its importance and the necessity for immediate mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7085
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Belkin F9K1122 | 1.00.33

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the formiNICWpsStart function of the /goform/formiNICWpsStart file. The attacker can remotely manipulate the ‘pinCode’ argument, causing an overflow in the stack buffer. As a result, an attacker can execute arbitrary code within the context of the device, potentially leading to full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP POST request, which could look something like this:

POST /goform/formiNICWpsStart HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
pinCode=11111111AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...[additional A's to overflow buffer]

In this conceptual example, the ‘pinCode’ argument is filled with an excessive number of ‘A’ characters, causing a buffer overflow.

Recommended Mitigation

Given the criticality of this vulnerability, immediate action is recommended. In the absence of a vendor patch, users should implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. The WAF or IDS can be configured to block or alert on HTTP POST requests to /goform/formiNICWpsStart that contain an excessively long ‘pinCode’ argument. It’s important to note that these are temporary measures and users should apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available.

Overview

The CVE-2025-7077 is a critical vulnerability identified in Shenzhen Libituo Technology’s LBT-T300-T310 up to version 2.2.3.6. This flaw is of significant concern due to its severity and the potential impact it can have on the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of the affected system. The vulnerability resides in the config_3g_para function of the /appy.cgi file, and the exploitation can be performed remotely, which raises the risk factor for systems running the affected software version.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7077
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Shenzhen Libituo Technology LBT-T300-T310 | Up to 2.2.3.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from insufficient boundary checks when handling the username_3g/password_3g arguments in the config_3g_para function. This oversight allows an attacker to input a larger than expected value, causing a buffer overflow. Buffer overflow conditions can lead to various outcomes, including the ability for an attacker to execute arbitrary code, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An instance of the vulnerability might be exploited with a crafted HTTP POST request similar to the following:

POST /appy.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username_3g=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...&password_3g=<password>

The “A”s in the username_3g field represent an excessively long string designed to overflow the buffer. The exact length and content would depend on the specificities of the vulnerable system’s architecture, stack layout, and the exploit’s objectives.

Mitigation Guidance

It’s recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the absence of a vendor patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method. These systems should be configured to monitor and block unexpected or malicious data sent to the affected config_3g_para function.