Author: Ameeba

Overview

CVE-2025-4738 is a high-severity cybersecurity vulnerability that resides within Yirmibes Software’s MY ERP product. This vulnerability, which pertains to the improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands (also known as SQL Injection), provides a potential attacker with the ability to manipulate or control the database of the affected system. This is a critical issue because ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems often contain sensitive business data, and an exploit could lead to a severe compromise of system integrity and data confidentiality.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4738
Severity: Critical 9.8 (CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Yirmibes Software MY ERP | Before 1.170

How the Exploit Works

SQL Injection is a code injection technique that attackers use to insert malicious SQL statements into an entry field for execution. In the context of CVE-2025-4738, an attacker might use this technique to manipulate the MY ERP system’s database. The attacker could potentially view, modify, or delete data, or even execute administration operations on the database.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a simplified, conceptual example of how an HTTP request might be crafted to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /erp/database HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/sql
{ "query": "SELECT * FROM users; DROP TABLE users;" }

In this hypothetical example, the attacker is first selecting all data from a ‘users’ table, then deleting that same table. Real-world attacks can be much more sophisticated and damaging.

Mitigation and Patching

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should urgently apply the vendor’s patch. For those who cannot immediately apply the patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. However, these measures do not fully resolve the vulnerability and are not substitutes for applying the vendor’s patch. Companies should also consider employing best practices for SQL query handling, such as using prepared statements and stored procedures, validating user input, and limiting database permissions.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-50201, in WeGIA, a widely-used web manager for charitable institutions. This vulnerability is of particular importance due to its high severity score (9.8), and the potential for system compromise or data leakage. It allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the server with the privileges of the web server user, presenting a significant risk to the security and integrity of the system and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50201
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WeGIA Web Manager | Prior to 3.4.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the /html/configuracao/debug_info.php endpoint of the WeGIA web manager. The flaw is due to improper sanitization of the ‘branch’ parameter before it is concatenated and executed in a shell command on the server’s operating system. An attacker can exploit this flaw by injecting malicious commands into the ‘branch’ parameter. As this parameter is not properly sanitized, the malicious commands can be executed on the server with the permissions of the ‘www-data’ web server user.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP POST request similar to the following:

POST /html/configuracao/debug_info.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
branch=;ls -la;#

In this example, the ‘branch’ parameter is set to a shell command (;ls -la;#), which will list the files in the current directory when executed on the server. The semicolon (;) is used to end the previous command, and the hash (#) is used to comment out the remaining part of the command.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to upgrade to WeGIA version 3.4.2 or later, where this issue has been patched. As a temporary measure, a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can be used to detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability. These systems should be configured to monitor for and block HTTP POST requests to the /html/configuracao/debug_info.php endpoint containing suspicious ‘branch’ parameters.

Conclusion

CVE-2025-50201 is a critical vulnerability that could potentially allow an unauthenticated attacker to compromise systems running vulnerable versions of the WeGIA web manager. It highlights the importance of proper input validation and sanitization in web applications, as well as the need for regular software updates and the use of security tools such as WAFs and IDSs.

Overview

In the rapidly evolving cybersecurity landscape, a newly discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-24288, represents a significant risk to organizations utilizing Versa Director software. This vulnerability stems from the software’s default settings, which expose a variety of services, potentially granting attackers an easy entry point into the system. Given the severity of the vulnerability and the potential for system compromise or data leakage, it’s essential for IT and cybersecurity professionals to understand and address this issue promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24288
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Versa Director | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

By exploiting the CVE-2025-24288 vulnerability, attackers can gain access to Versa Director software. The software’s default settings leave several services, including ssh and postgres, exposed to the internet. Moreover, multiple accounts, most with sudo access, utilize the same default credentials. This makes it easy for attackers to gain unauthorized access and potentially compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s an example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using ssh:

ssh admin@target.example.com
# The attacker would input the default password here

Once logged in, the attacker could access sensitive data or execute commands with sudo privileges, potentially leading to a full system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

Versa has recommended several security controls for mitigating this vulnerability, including:
1) Changing default passwords to complex passwords
2) Ensuring passwords are complex with at least 8 characters that include upper case, lower case alphabets, at least one digit, and one special character
3) Changing passwords at least every 90 days
4) Checking password change history to ensure that at least the last 5 passwords are not reused
5) Reviewing and auditing logs for all authentication attempts to check for unauthorized/suspicious login attempts and enforcing remediation steps
In addition, applying a vendor-supplied patch or utilizing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation measures. Organizations should also consider implementing a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy that includes regular patching, strong password policies, and proactive security monitoring to protect against such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The Versa Director SD-WAN orchestration platform, which utilizes the Cisco NCS application service, contains a potentially severe security vulnerability. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2024-45208, could be exploited by an attacker to perform unauthorized administrative actions and remote code execution. This vulnerability is especially significant because it affects all interfaces that are bound to the TCP ports 4566 and 4570, which are used by the Versa Director to exchange High Availability (HA) information. Thus, any attacker with access to the Versa Director could potentially compromise the system and leak data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-45208
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Versa Director SD-WAN orchestration platform | Affected versions not specified

How the Exploit Works

An attacker who can access the Versa Director’s TCP ports 4566 and 4570 could exploit this vulnerability. These ports are bound to all interfaces and are used by the Versa Director to exchange High Availability (HA) information. The attacker could use this access to execute unauthorized administrative actions and potentially execute remote code, compromising the system and potentially leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability:

# Establish a connection to the target system
nc target_system_IP 4566
# Send a malicious payload to execute unauthorized actions
echo "malicious_payload" | nc target_system_IP 4566

Please note that this code is purely conceptual and is provided to illustrate the potential risk of this vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

As cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, it is crucial to keep abreast of the latest vulnerabilities that could potentially compromise your data or systems. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-26199, affects CloudClassroom-PHP-Project v1.0 and exposes sensitive credentials during the login process. This flaw is especially significant as it could allow a remote attacker to capture login credentials using Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) techniques. If these credentials are used to exploit administrative functions, it could potentially lead to remote code execution, depending on the environment.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26199
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CloudClassroom-PHP-Project | v1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the insecure transmission of login credentials. When a user attempts to log into the application, the password is transmitted over unencrypted HTTP. This exposes the credentials to potential interception by network-based attackers. An attacker with access to the same network, such as public Wi-Fi or a compromised router, can employ Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) techniques to capture these login credentials. If the attacker uses these credentials to log in and exploit administrative functions, such as file upload, it may lead to remote code execution depending on the environment.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a simplified example of a HTTP request that could be captured by an attacker:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin&password=unencryptedpassword

In this example, an attacker with access to the same network can intercept this request, gaining the username and password. The attacker can then use these credentials to log into the application and potentially exploit further vulnerabilities.

Mitigation

To mitigate the risk of this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, this does not completely eliminate the risk, so the vendor patch should be applied as soon as possible.

Overview

This blog post details the critical SQL Injection vulnerability found in CloudClassroom-PHP-Project v1.0, identified as CVE-2025-26198. This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its high severity score of 9.8 and its potential to lead to system compromise or data leakage. It affects anyone using the CloudClassroom-PHP-Project v1.0 and is of significant concern to IT administrators, web developers, and other cybersecurity professionals due to its potential to bypass authentication mechanisms and expose sensitive backend data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26198
Severity: Critical (CVSS score: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CloudClassroom-PHP-Project | v1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is present in the loginlinkadmin.php component of the CloudClassroom-PHP-Project application. The flaw originates from the application’s failure to sanitize user-supplied input in the admin login form before incorporating it into SQL queries. This failure allows unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary SQL payloads and bypass authentication. By supplying specially crafted input in the username field, such as ‘ OR ‘1’=’1, an attacker can effectively compromise the login mechanism and potentially gain access to sensitive backend data.

Conceptual Example Code

The vulnerability can be exploited with a simple HTTP POST request to the admin login form. Here is a conceptual example of how the exploit might work:

POST /loginlinkadmin.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=' OR '1'='1&password=anything

In this example, the malicious payload ‘ OR ‘1’=’1 is inserted into the username field. This input effectively changes the SQL query into a statement that is always true, thereby bypassing the need for a correct password and gaining unauthorized administrative access.
It’s crucial to note that this is a conceptual example and might require modifications based on the specific configurations and conditions of the target system. Always adhere to ethical guidelines when testing for vulnerabilities.

Mitigation Guidance

The best mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the latest vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block SQL Injection attempts. It’s also advisable to modify the application code to properly sanitize user-supplied input, which can prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities are often discovered that can potentially compromise system security or result in data leakage. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-20260, has been detected in the PDF scanning processes of ClamAV, a popular open-source antivirus engine. This vulnerability affects any system or device that utilizes the ClamAV engine for scanning PDF files. The matter is of utmost importance as it might allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a buffer overflow condition, leading to a denial of service (DoS) or potentially executing arbitrary code on the affected device.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20260
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Buffer overflow potentially leading to a denial of service condition or execution of arbitrary code on the affected system.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ClamAV | All versions up to the latest release

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to incorrect memory buffer allocation when ClamAV processes PDF files. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious PDF file and submitting it to be scanned by ClamAV on the affected device. If successful, this could trigger a buffer overflow condition, likely resulting in the termination of the ClamAV scanning process and a DoS condition on the affected software. Although not yet proven, it is also possible that an attacker could leverage this buffer overflow to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the ClamAV process.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents a maliciously crafted PDF file:

# Pseudocode representing a malicious PDF
class MaliciousPDF:
def __init__(self):
self.payload = "A"*5000  # Overflows the buffer
malicious_pdf = MaliciousPDF()
ClamAV.scan(malicious_pdf)  # Triggers buffer overflow

In the above example, the payload is an extremely large string designed to overflow the buffer when scanned by ClamAV.

Recommendations

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as it is available. As a temporary countermesure, you can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to identify and block potential attacks. Users are also advised to avoid scanning unsolicited PDF files and to only scan files from trusted sources.
Stay tuned for more updates on this and other cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Protecting your systems and data is our top priority.

Overview

The vulnerability in focus, CVE-2025-45784, is a critical security flaw found in D-Link DPH-400S/SE VoIP Phone v1.01. The device contains hardcoded provisioning variables, which include sensitive user credentials like PROVIS_USER_PASSWORD. This vulnerability is dangerous as it could potentially expose sensitive user data and allow unauthorized access to device functions or user accounts.
This vulnerability is particularly relevant to organizations and individuals who use the affected D-Link VoIP phone. In the wrong hands, this vulnerability can lead to serious security breaches, including system compromise and data leakage. Thus, it is crucial to understand the nature of this vulnerability and take appropriate measures to mitigate its impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45784
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to device functions or user accounts, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

D-Link DPH-400S/SE VoIP Phone | v1.01

How the Exploit Works

An attacker with access to the firmware image can extract the hardcoded credentials using static analysis tools such as strings or xxd. These tools can scan the firmware binary to identify and extract strings that resemble user credentials. Once the attacker has these credentials, they can potentially gain unauthorized access to device functions or user accounts.

Conceptual Example Code

Given below is a
conceptual
example using the `strings` command in Linux to extract the hardcoded credentials from the firmware image:

$ strings firmware_image.bin | grep PROVIS_USER_PASSWORD

This command scans the binary file firmware_image.bin and searches for the string “PROVIS_USER_PASSWORD”. If the hardcoded credentials are present, this command will output them to the console.

Mitigation Guidance

To protect against this vulnerability, users of the affected D-Link VoIP Phone should apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible. If a patch is not available or cannot be applied immediately, a web application firewall (WAF) or an intrusion detection system (IDS) can be used as a temporary measure to detect and block exploitation attempts. Furthermore, organizations should follow best practices for firmware security, including regularly updating firmware and minimizing the use of hardcoded credentials.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape has been riddled recently with another high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2025-46157, affecting EfroTech’s Time Trax v.1.0 software. This vulnerability allows for remote code execution by an attacker, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. As Time Trax is widely used for managing company time and attendance, this vulnerability could potentially affect a wide range of organizations, from small businesses to large corporations, putting sensitive data at risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46157
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.9)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

EfroTech Time Trax | v.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists in the file attachment function of the leave request form in Time Trax. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious script or file which, when processed by the application, executes arbitrary code. This could lead to an attacker gaining unauthorized control over the system or the leakage of sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a hypothetical example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using an HTTP POST request to upload a malicious file:

POST /fileUpload/leaveRequest HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="exploit.php"
Content-Type: application/php
<?php
echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']);
?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, the attacker uploads a PHP script that allows them to execute arbitrary shell commands on the server. The attacker could then run any command by simply sending a GET request to the uploaded file with their command as a parameter.

Mitigation and Prevention

Until EfroTech releases a patch to fix this vulnerability, organizations can mitigate the risk by implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to filter out malicious requests. Regularly auditing and updating security protocols, as well as educating employees on the importance of cybersecurity, can also help prevent such exploits.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is abuzz with the discovery of a new vulnerability found in several versions of Adobe Commerce, affecting a large number of e-commerce sites globally. This threat, identified as CVE-2025-43586, is a serious concern due to its potential for privilege escalation, a scenario where an attacker with minimal access rights can bypass security measures to gain unauthorized elevated access. The severity of this vulnerability and the potential for system compromise or data leakage necessitates immediate attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43586
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Commerce | 2.4.8, 2.4.7-p5, 2.4.6-p10, 2.4.5-p12, 2.4.4-p13 and earlier versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the Improper Access Control mechanism within Adobe Commerce. An attacker, even with low-level privileges, can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted requests to the system. These requests could potentially bypass the security protocols set up in the system, allowing the attacker to escalate their privileges. With elevated access, the attacker could then have the ability to manipulate data, alter system configurations, and even gain control of the entire system-all without requiring any user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The specific details would depend on the system configuration and the attacker’s knowledge.

POST /admin/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "low_privileged_user",
"password": "guessable_password",
"elevated_access": "true"
}

In this example, the attacker is attempting to log in to the system using a low-privileged user account. The `”elevated_access”: “true”` part of the request is the malicious payload that attempts to take advantage of the vulnerability, thereby granting the attacker elevated privileges.

Mitigation

Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is recommended that affected users apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation measure, helping to detect and prevent potential exploit attempts. Users should also review their system configurations and user access policies, reducing privileges where possible and enforcing strong password policies to mitigate the risk of brute force attacks.