Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability in focus, CVE-2025-4981, presents a significant security threat to a host of Mattermost versions. As a widely used open-source, self-hosted online chat service, Mattermost has a broad range of commercial and non-commercial users globally. The vulnerability arises from the failure of these versions to sanitize filenames in the archive extractor, thereby providing authenticated users the potential to write files anywhere on the filesystem. This vulnerability can lead to remote code execution and consequently, a considerable system compromise or data leakage.
Given the severity of the potential impact, understanding this vulnerability is of paramount importance to cybersecurity professionals, system administrators, and anyone who relies on Mattermost for their communication needs. It calls for immediate attention and mitigation to safeguard the integrity of these systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4981
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 9.9)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mattermost | 10.5.x <= 10.5.5 Mattermost | 9.11.x <= 9.11.15 Mattermost | 10.8.x <= 10.8.0 Mattermost | 10.7.x <= 10.7.2 Mattermost | 10.6.x <= 10.6.5 How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages the vulnerability in Mattermost’s archive extraction process. An authenticated user can upload an archive with a malicious filename containing path traversal sequences. Mattermost’s failure to sanitize these filenames allows the file to be written to any location on the filesystem. This capability can lead to remote code execution if a malicious user manages to place an executable file in a directory where it can be run automatically or by a privileged user.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an exploit using a malicious archive might work:

POST /api/v4/files HTTP/1.1
Host: mattermost.example.com
Authorization: Bearer <access-token>
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files"; filename="../../../etc/cron.d/malicious"
Content-Type: application/gzip
{ binary data }
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In this example, an HTTP POST request is made to the Mattermost file upload API endpoint. The archive contains a file with a path traversal sequence in the filename (`../../../etc/cron.d/malicious`). This file could contain instructions for a cron job that executes a malicious script, potentially leading to remote code execution.

Overview

CVE-2025-6192 is a severe vulnerability in Google Chrome that could potentially allow an attacker to exploit heap corruption via a carefully crafted HTML page. This vulnerability is of high significance due to the widespread usage of Google Chrome as a default browser across multiple platforms, making a large number of users potentially susceptible to system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this issue is further emphasized by its high CVSS severity score of 8.8, indicating a significant impact if exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6192
Severity: High (CVSS Score 8.8)
Attack Vector: Web (via a crafted HTML page)
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required (user must visit the attacker’s crafted HTML page)
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Chrome | Prior to 137.0.7151.119

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a “use after free” vulnerability in Metrics in Google Chrome. In essence, this means that the software continues to use a pointer after it has been freed. This can lead to two types of vulnerabilities: the software could potentially read old data or it might write data into the wrong location. In this particular exploit, a remote attacker can craft an HTML page that triggers this vulnerability, leading to heap corruption. The attacker can then use this corruption to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited could be a malicious HTML page that triggers the use-after-free condition. This example is not real code, but is meant to illustrate the concept:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script>
// Code that triggers the use-after-free condition in Metrics
triggerUseAfterFree();
// Code that takes advantage of the heap corruption to execute arbitrary commands
exploitHeapCorruption();
</script>
</body>
</html>

This code would need to be hosted on a webpage and the victim would need to visit this page for the exploit to be successful. It is crucial to regularly update your browser and other software to protect yourself from such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The CVE-2025-6191 vulnerability is a serious security defect found in Google Chrome’s V8 engine. This flaw, which is rated high on the Chromium security severity scale, affects all versions of Google Chrome prior to 137.0.7151.119. It’s a critical concern as it allows a remote attacker to potentially perform out of bounds memory access through a specifically crafted HTML page. Given the widespread use of Google Chrome, this vulnerability could potentially impact millions of users worldwide, posing significant risks of system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6191
Severity: High (CVSS score 8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Chrome | Versions prior to 137.0.7151.119

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an integer overflow vulnerability in Google Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine. An attacker can create a malicious HTML page that, when loaded and executed in a vulnerable version of Google Chrome, can trigger an out-of-bounds memory access. This access could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or expose sensitive information from the system’s memory.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example, in JavaScript, of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

// Hypothetical malicious JavaScript code exploiting CVE-2025-6191
let buf = new ArrayBuffer(0x100);
let uint32 = new Uint32Array(buf);
// Trigger integer overflow
for (let i = 0; i < 0x100000000; i++) {
uint32[i] = i;
}
// The overflow leads to out-of-bounds access
let oob_access = uint32[0x100000000];

Please note that this is a conceptual example and may not directly work in a real-world scenario. It is provided for educational purposes only to understand the nature of the exploit.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to update their Google Chrome version to 137.0.7151.119 or later, which contains the necessary security patches to address this vulnerability. If immediate update is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, helping to detect and prevent potential exploit attempts.

Overview

CVE-2025-36049 is a critical security vulnerability that affects IBM’s webMethods Integration Server versions 10.5, 10.7, 10.11, and 10.15. It exposes these systems to an XML External Entity (XXE) injection attack, which can be exploited by remote authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands. This exploit can potentially compromise the entire system or lead to significant data leakage, emphasizing the need for immediate attention and remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36049
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated User)
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM webMethods Integration Server | 10.5
IBM webMethods Integration Server | 10.7
IBM webMethods Integration Server | 10.11
IBM webMethods Integration Server | 10.15

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of an XXE vulnerability in the IBM webMethods Integration Server. The server lacks proper sanitization for XML data, causing it to process malicious XML inputs. An authenticated attacker can embed external entities within an XML document, which the server then processes. This can lead to the unintended disclosure of internal files, Denial of Service (DoS), or even remote code execution, enabling the attacker to compromise the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

POST /XMLProcessingEndpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/xml
Authorization: Bearer [Token]
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ELEMENT foo ANY >
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>

The above example demonstrates a conceptual XXE attack. The attacker sends a malicious XML document containing an entity that references an internal file (`/etc/passwd`). The server processes the XML document and replaces the `&xxe;` entity with the content of the referenced file, disclosing system information to the attacker.

Preventing the Exploit: Mitigation Guidance

IBM has released patches to resolve this vulnerability in the affected versions of the webMethods Integration Server. System administrators should ensure that these patches are applied immediately to prevent exploitation.
As a temporary mitigation, Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can be configured to detect and block XXE attacks. However, this should not be considered a long-term solution. It’s always best to apply vendor patches to ensure the system is fully protected from known vulnerabilities.

Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, new vulnerabilities are constantly being discovered and exploited. The latest one to catch our attention is CVE-2025-46109, a significant SQL Injection vulnerability found in versions 3.2.5 and 3.2.10 of pbootCMS, a popular content management system. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via a specially crafted GET request, potentially leading to a complete system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity and potential impact of this vulnerability, it is crucial for all users of the affected versions to implement the necessary mitigation measures urgently.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46109
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

pbootCMS | v.3.2.5
pbootCMS | v.3.2.10

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from insufficient sanitation of user input in the GET request. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious GET request that includes SQL code. When the affected system receives this request, it executes the included SQL code, allowing the attacker to manipulate the database in unintended ways. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, deletion of data, or even full control over the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a GET request that includes SQL code in the URL.

GET /index.php?id=1' OR '1'='1'; -- HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the SQL code `’1’=’1’` will always evaluate to true, potentially allowing the attacker to bypass security measures or retrieve all records from the database.

Remediation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. This patch will fix the vulnerability and prevent its future exploitation. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a temporary mitigation measure would be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block malicious GET requests. However, this is only a temporary solution and does not completely eliminate the risk. Applying the vendor patch should still be the priority.
In addition, organizations should also consider implementing input validation and parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection attacks. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments can also help in identifying and fixing vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.

Overview

In the constantly evolving landscape of cybersecurity, it’s critical to stay updated on the latest vulnerabilities that could potentially affect your systems. One such vulnerability is CVE-2025-33117, which involves IBM’s QRadar SIEM 7.5 through 7.5.0 Update Package 12. This vulnerability could allow a privileged user to manipulate configuration files, consequently enabling the upload of a malicious autoupdate file to execute arbitrary commands.
This vulnerability is significant because it opens the door for a potential system compromise or data leakage. It’s especially concerning since it affects any organization or individual using the affected versions of IBM QRadar SIEM, a widely-used security information and event management system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-33117
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Local access
Privileges Required: High (privileged user access)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM QRadar SIEM | 7.5 through 7.5.0 Update Package 12

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a loophole in IBM QRadar SIEM’s configuration file permissions. A privileged user can manipulate these files and create a path for uploading a malicious autoupdate file. Once this file is uploaded, it can execute arbitrary commands on the system, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

# Gain privileged access
sudo su
# Navigate to the configuration files
cd /etc/qradar
# Modify the configuration file to allow malicious autoupdate file upload
echo 'allow_malicious_updates = true' >> config.ini
# Upload the malicious autoupdate file
curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: multipart/form-data' -F 'update=@malicious_file' http://localhost:8080/api/update

This example demonstrates using privileged access to modify the QRadar configuration files and then upload a malicious autoupdate file that, once activated, could execute arbitrary commands.

Recommended Mitigation Strategies

The best mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regularly monitoring system logs and user activities can also help identify any unusual or suspicious activity.

Overview

The CVE-2025-52467 is a critical cybersecurity vulnerability affecting the pgai Python library. Specifically, this vulnerability exposes all secrets used in one workflow, including the GITHUB_TOKEN with write permissions for the repository. This vulnerability exposes all users of the pgai Python library to potential system compromise or data leakage. In the wrong hands, this vulnerability could provide attackers with full access to tamper with the repository, which could include pushing arbitrary code and releases.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52467
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage, and unauthorized code and release manipulation.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

pgai Python library | Prior to commit 8eb3567

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the pgai Python library’s handling of secrets. The library, which transforms PostgreSQL into a retrieval engine for RAG and Agentic applications, does not adequately secure secrets used in workflows. This issue means that an attacker can exploit the vulnerability to exfiltrate all secrets in a workflow, including the GITHUB_TOKEN. The GITHUB_TOKEN has write permissions for the repository, so an attacker could use this token to manipulate the repository, including adding arbitrary code and releases.

Conceptual Example Code

The below example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability. It illustrates a malicious HTTP POST request that could exfiltrate the secrets used in a workflow:

POST /exfiltrate-secrets HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "name": "GITHUB_TOKEN" }

In this example, the attacker makes a POST request to the /exfiltrate-secrets endpoint, requesting the GITHUB_TOKEN. If the vulnerability exists, the system would return the token in the response, giving the attacker unauthorized access to the repository.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the pgai Python library should immediately update their software to the latest version that includes the patch for this vulnerability (commit 8eb3567 or later). If an immediate update is not possible, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block attempts to exploit the vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-4738 is a high-severity cybersecurity vulnerability that resides within Yirmibes Software’s MY ERP product. This vulnerability, which pertains to the improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands (also known as SQL Injection), provides a potential attacker with the ability to manipulate or control the database of the affected system. This is a critical issue because ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems often contain sensitive business data, and an exploit could lead to a severe compromise of system integrity and data confidentiality.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4738
Severity: Critical 9.8 (CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Yirmibes Software MY ERP | Before 1.170

How the Exploit Works

SQL Injection is a code injection technique that attackers use to insert malicious SQL statements into an entry field for execution. In the context of CVE-2025-4738, an attacker might use this technique to manipulate the MY ERP system’s database. The attacker could potentially view, modify, or delete data, or even execute administration operations on the database.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a simplified, conceptual example of how an HTTP request might be crafted to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /erp/database HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/sql
{ "query": "SELECT * FROM users; DROP TABLE users;" }

In this hypothetical example, the attacker is first selecting all data from a ‘users’ table, then deleting that same table. Real-world attacks can be much more sophisticated and damaging.

Mitigation and Patching

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should urgently apply the vendor’s patch. For those who cannot immediately apply the patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. However, these measures do not fully resolve the vulnerability and are not substitutes for applying the vendor’s patch. Companies should also consider employing best practices for SQL query handling, such as using prepared statements and stored procedures, validating user input, and limiting database permissions.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-50201, in WeGIA, a widely-used web manager for charitable institutions. This vulnerability is of particular importance due to its high severity score (9.8), and the potential for system compromise or data leakage. It allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the server with the privileges of the web server user, presenting a significant risk to the security and integrity of the system and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50201
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WeGIA Web Manager | Prior to 3.4.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the /html/configuracao/debug_info.php endpoint of the WeGIA web manager. The flaw is due to improper sanitization of the ‘branch’ parameter before it is concatenated and executed in a shell command on the server’s operating system. An attacker can exploit this flaw by injecting malicious commands into the ‘branch’ parameter. As this parameter is not properly sanitized, the malicious commands can be executed on the server with the permissions of the ‘www-data’ web server user.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP POST request similar to the following:

POST /html/configuracao/debug_info.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
branch=;ls -la;#

In this example, the ‘branch’ parameter is set to a shell command (;ls -la;#), which will list the files in the current directory when executed on the server. The semicolon (;) is used to end the previous command, and the hash (#) is used to comment out the remaining part of the command.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to upgrade to WeGIA version 3.4.2 or later, where this issue has been patched. As a temporary measure, a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can be used to detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability. These systems should be configured to monitor for and block HTTP POST requests to the /html/configuracao/debug_info.php endpoint containing suspicious ‘branch’ parameters.

Conclusion

CVE-2025-50201 is a critical vulnerability that could potentially allow an unauthenticated attacker to compromise systems running vulnerable versions of the WeGIA web manager. It highlights the importance of proper input validation and sanitization in web applications, as well as the need for regular software updates and the use of security tools such as WAFs and IDSs.

Overview

In the rapidly evolving cybersecurity landscape, a newly discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-24288, represents a significant risk to organizations utilizing Versa Director software. This vulnerability stems from the software’s default settings, which expose a variety of services, potentially granting attackers an easy entry point into the system. Given the severity of the vulnerability and the potential for system compromise or data leakage, it’s essential for IT and cybersecurity professionals to understand and address this issue promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24288
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Versa Director | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

By exploiting the CVE-2025-24288 vulnerability, attackers can gain access to Versa Director software. The software’s default settings leave several services, including ssh and postgres, exposed to the internet. Moreover, multiple accounts, most with sudo access, utilize the same default credentials. This makes it easy for attackers to gain unauthorized access and potentially compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s an example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using ssh:

ssh admin@target.example.com
# The attacker would input the default password here

Once logged in, the attacker could access sensitive data or execute commands with sudo privileges, potentially leading to a full system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

Versa has recommended several security controls for mitigating this vulnerability, including:
1) Changing default passwords to complex passwords
2) Ensuring passwords are complex with at least 8 characters that include upper case, lower case alphabets, at least one digit, and one special character
3) Changing passwords at least every 90 days
4) Checking password change history to ensure that at least the last 5 passwords are not reused
5) Reviewing and auditing logs for all authentication attempts to check for unauthorized/suspicious login attempts and enforcing remediation steps
In addition, applying a vendor-supplied patch or utilizing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation measures. Organizations should also consider implementing a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy that includes regular patching, strong password policies, and proactive security monitoring to protect against such vulnerabilities.