Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of a high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2024-21909, discovered in PeterO.Cbor versions 4.0.0 to 4.5.0. The vulnerability can be exploited by attackers to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) condition, potentially compromising systems or leading to data leakage. Due to the widespread usage of this library, it poses a significant risk to numerous systems and applications.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21909
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PeterO.Cbor | 4.0.0 through 4.5.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by an attacker providing crafted data to the DecodeFromBytes or other decoding mechanisms in the PeterO.Cbor library. This data can trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) condition, potentially causing a system crash or compromise. As the library does not require authentication, the attacker can be remote and unauthenticated.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of exploiting this vulnerability might look like this. Please note that this is a simplified representation of an attack and actual malicious payloads would be more complex.

POST /decodeFromBytes HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-site.com
Content-Type: application/cbor
{ "malicious_data": "<crafted_data>" }

In this example, `` represents data specifically designed to trigger the vulnerability in the PeterO.Cbor library, causing a DoS condition.

Mitigation

It is highly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These systems can be configured to detect and block malicious payloads that aim to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2024-21907 is a serious cybersecurity concern, impacting the Newtonsoft.Json library before version 13.0.1. This vulnerability arises from a mishandling of exceptional conditions, which can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. It is crucial for entities using the affected versions of Newtonsoft.Json to understand this vulnerability and take appropriate measures to mitigate its impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21907
Severity: High – CVSS Score of 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Newtonsoft.Json | Before 13.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by passing specially crafted data to the JsonConvert.DeserializeObject method within the Newtonsoft.Json library. This action may trigger a StackOverflow exception, leading to a denial of service. Under certain circumstances, an unauthenticated and remote attacker may be able to induce this denial of service condition, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request with a malicious JSON payload:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "StackOverflow inducing data" }

In this example, the “malicious_payload” is crafted to induce a StackOverflow exception when parsed by the JsonConvert.DeserializeObject method in the vulnerable version of the Newtonsoft.Json library.

Recommended Mitigation

Users of affected versions of Newtonsoft.Json are advised to upgrade to version 13.0.1 or later. In situations where an immediate upgrade is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be employed as temporary mitigation.

Overview

The CVE-2023-37607 vulnerability is a significant security flaw in Automatic Systems SOC FL9600 FirstLane V06 lego_T04E00, which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability, which allows directory traversal, affects any organization or individual utilizing this system. The severity of this vulnerability cannot be understated, as it could grant remote attackers access to sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-37607
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Automatic Systems SOC FL9600 FirstLane | V06 lego_T04E00

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a directory traversal vulnerability in the Automatic Systems SOC FL9600 FirstLane V06 lego_T04E00. Specifically, a remote attacker can exploit the csvServer.php script by including a “..” in the dir parameter of the file request. This allows the attacker to traverse the file directory and gain access to sensitive information that should be restricted.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP GET request:

GET /csvServer.php?file=../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json

In this example, the attacker is attempting to access the ‘passwd’ file, which is usually located in the ‘/etc/’ directory and contains user account details.

Overview

The CVE-2023-37608 is a cybersecurity vulnerability that exists in the Automatic Systems SOC FL9600 FirstLane V06 lego_T04E00. This flaw allows remote attackers to gain access to sensitive information, posing a significant threat to privacy and data security. The issue arises from an automaticsystems super admin account with a hardcoded password, creating a potential entry point for malicious entities.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-37608
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Automatic Systems SOC FL9600 FirstLane | V06 lego_T04E00

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability works by exploiting the hardcoded super admin account password in the Automatic Systems SOC FL9600 FirstLane V06. An attacker can remotely access this account using the hardcoded password ‘astech’. Once logged in, the attacker can obtain sensitive information, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "superAdmin", "password": "astech" }

The attacker would send a POST request to the login endpoint of the affected system, using the hardcoded ‘superAdmin’ username and ‘astech’ password. Once authenticated, the attacker has access to sensitive information within the system.

Overview

The CVE-2023-51785 vulnerability poses a significant risk to users of Apache InLong versions 1.7.0 through 1.9.0. This vulnerability, related to the deserialization of untrusted data, can be exploited by attackers to execute an arbitrary file read attack using the MySQL driver. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-51785
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache InLong | 1.7.0 through 1.9.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the deserialization of untrusted data in Apache InLong. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted data to the application, which then deserializes this data. The exploitation involves the use of the MySQL driver to execute an arbitrary file read attack. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or even full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using a malicious payload sent over HTTP:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "{__type__:'java.lang.Runtime',__value__:'getRuntime().exec(\"read arbitrary file\")'}" }

Please note, the above is just a conceptual example and does not represent the actual exploit code. The actual exploit could vary significantly and may involve complex manipulations.

Mitigation

Users are advised to upgrade to Apache InLong’s 1.10.0 version or apply the patch provided in the link [1] to mitigate this vulnerability. Alternatively, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure until the patch can be applied.
[1] https://github.com/apache/inlong/pull/9331

Overview

CVE-2023-47473 is a critical Directory Traversal vulnerability identified within versions 23.8_ad0 and earlier of fuwushe.org’s iFair software. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data through a specifically crafted script, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. It is essential for iFair software users to understand the implications of this vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate its risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-47473
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

iFair by fuwushe.org | 23.8_ad0 and before

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by exploiting a weakness in the iFair software’s directory traversal controls. An attacker crafts a malicious script that is able to bypass these controls and gain unauthorized access to directories containing sensitive data. This could include user credentials, confidential files, or other proprietary information, which could then be exfiltrated or used for further malicious activity.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a simplified example of how this directory traversal vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:

GET /../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-ifair.example.com

In this example, the attacker is attempting to access the system’s password file by moving up the directory tree using the “../” string, a common technique in directory traversal attacks.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to immediately apply the vendor’s patch to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking exploit attempts. Regularly updating and patching software remains the best defense against such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2023-49553 is a critical concern in the cybersecurity realm. It is a vulnerability in Cesanta mjs 2.20.0 which allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via the mjs_destroy function. This issue affects any system using Cesanta mjs 2.20.0 and can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-49553
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cesanta mjs | 2.20.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from a flaw in the mjs_destroy function within the mjs.c file in Cesanta mjs 2.20.0. The issue allows a remote attacker to trigger a denial of service. The attacker sends a specially crafted request to the Cesanta mjs, which fails to handle it properly, thereby leading to a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that the exact payload will depend on the specific configuration and environment.

POST /mjs_destroy HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "specially_crafted_request_to_trigger_dos" }

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Meanwhile, as a temporary mitigation measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to block or alert on the malicious requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching software is an effective practice to reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

CVE-2023-49552 is a severe vulnerability in Cesanta mjs 2.20.0, which exposes systems to potential compromise and data leakage. This vulnerability is exploitable by remote attackers and can lead to system-wide denial of service. Given the severity of this CVE and its potential impact on system function, it is of paramount importance to address it promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-49552
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System-wide denial of service, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cesanta mjs | 2.20.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability hinges on an Out of Bounds Write in Cesanta mjs 2.20.0. A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted data to the ‘mjs_op_json_stringify’ function in the ‘mjs.c’ file. This malicious data could cause the system to write data beyond the boundary of allocated memory. This action can disrupt system processes, leading to a denial of service, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker might send a JSON object with specifically crafted data that would lead the system to write outside the allocated memory bounds. A conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request might look like this:

POST /mjs_op_json_stringify HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "Exploit code causing Out of Bounds Write" }

This payload would force the system to perform an Out of Bounds Write, triggering the vulnerability and causing the desired disruptive effect.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective mitigation against this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block the specific exploit patterns associated with this vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2023-49551 presents a significant cybersecurity threat with a potential for system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability specifically affects Cesanta mjs 2.20.0, a lightweight JavaScript engine for embedded systems. It provides an avenue for remote attackers to induce a denial of service (DoS) condition, thereby disrupting operations and potentially causing loss of service availability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-49551
Severity: High – 7.5 CVSS Score
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation can lead to a system compromise or potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cesanta mjs | 2.20.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the mjs_op_json_parse function in the mjs.c file of Cesanta mjs 2.20.0. A remote attacker can exploit this issue by sending a specially crafted request that the function fails to process correctly. This leads to a denial of service and potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simplified example and real-world attacks might be more complex and sophisticated.

POST /mjs_op_json_parse HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_json": "{...malformed json data...}" }

In this example, the `{…malformed json data…}` represents a malicious payload designed to exploit the vulnerability in the mjs_op_json_parse function.

Mitigation

Users of Cesanta mjs 2.20.0 are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.

Overview

A significant cybersecurity vulnerability has been identified in Cesanta mjs 2.20.0, a popular JavaScript engine for embedded systems. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2023-49550, allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of Cesanta mjs in embedded systems, it is critical to understand this vulnerability and implement appropriate mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-49550
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: A successful exploit may lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cesanta mjs | 2.20.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the mjs+0x4ec508 component of Cesanta mjs 2.20.0. A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted data to the affected system. Upon successful exploitation, the system enters a denial-of-service state, potentially compromising the system and resulting in data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is presented below. This is a simplified representation and may not represent actual exploit code.

POST /mjs+0x4ec508 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "exploit_data": "specially crafted data" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the mjs+0x4ec508 endpoint with specially crafted data in the payload. If the exploit is successful, the system would enter a denial-of-service state.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of Cesanta mjs 2.20.0 should apply the vendor-supplied patch to rectify this vulnerability as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation measure, users may also consider deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent potential exploit attempts.