Author: Ameeba

CVE-2025-54438: Path Traversal Vulnerability in Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is witnessing an uptick in the number of vulnerabilities discovered in widely used software and systems. Recently, a potentially devastating vulnerability has been uncovered in Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server software. Labelled as CVE-2025-54438, this vulnerability opens up a path for cyber attackers to upload a web shell to the web server, leading to system compromise or potential data leakage. The scope of this vulnerability is vast as it affects all servers running versions less than 21.1080.0 of MagicINFO 9 Server, and given the popularity and widespread deployment of Samsung’s software, the impact could be significant.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54438
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung Electronics MagicINFO 9 Server | Less Than 21.1080.0

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability, technically known as an “Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory” or “Path Traversal” vulnerability, allows attackers to manipulate the input data in such a way that they can navigate through the server’s directory structure beyond the intended boundaries. In the specific case of CVE-2025-54438, this method allows a malicious actor to upload a web shell to the web server, effectively gaining control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An HTTP POST request could be manipulated to include a malicious payload, as shown below:
```
POST /upload/ HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerableserver.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=BOUNDARY
--BOUNDARY
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="../../../../../../var/www/shell.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['cmd']); ?>
--BOUNDARY--
```
In this example, the attacker is trying to upload a PHP shell script to the server’s web root directory, which could then be executed to run arbitrary commands on the server remotely.

Mitigation Guidance

A patch has already been released by Samsung to fix this vulnerability. All MagicINFO 9 Server users should update their software to version 21.1080.0 or above as soon as possible. Meanwhile, as a temporary mitigation measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
July 29, 2025
CVE-2025-51482: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in letta-ai Letta
Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-51482, in the letta-ai Letta software. This vulnerability allows for Remote Code Execution (RCE), potentially leading to serious system compromise or data leakage. As Letta is widely used for data management in artificial intelligence applications, this vulnerability could affect a significant number of end users and businesses. The understanding and prompt mitigation of this vulnerability is paramount to prevent possible cyber attacks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51482
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Letta-ai Letta | 0.7.12

How the Exploit Works

The flaw resides in the letta.server.rest_api.routers.v1.tools.run_tool_from_source endpoint of the Letta software. Remote attackers can send specially crafted payloads to this endpoint which can bypass the intended sandbox restrictions. By exploiting this vulnerability, attackers can execute arbitrary Python code and system commands, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited, using a malicious HTTP request:
```
POST /v1/tools/run HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "payload": "import os; os.system('rm -rf / --no-preserve-root')" }
```
In this conceptual example, the payload contains Python code that would delete all files on the server if executed. This is a destructive action and illustrates the potential severity of this vulnerability.

Remediation

The best way to mitigate the risk associated with CVE-2025-51482 is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If the patch is not immediately available or applicable, temporary mitigations could include using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or alert on crafted payloads to the /v1/tools/run endpoint. As always, following best practices for secure coding and regularly updating and patching software can prevent exposure to these types of vulnerabilities.
July 29, 2025
CVE-2025-8019: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Shenzhen Libituo Technology LBT-T300-T310
Overview

A critical security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-8019, has recently been discovered in Shenzhen Libituo Technology LBT-T300-T310 version 2.2.3.6. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely by an attacker, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage. It is a serious flaw that requires immediate attention due to its high criticality and potential impact on the affected systems.
The vulnerability lies in the function sub_40B6F0 of the file at/appy.cgi. The manipulation of the argument wan_proto can result in buffer overflow, making the system susceptible to further malicious attacks. It’s important for organizations using these systems to understand the potential risks and take immediate action for remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8019
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Shenzhen Libituo Technology LBT-T300-T310 | 2.2.3.6

How the Exploit Works

This exploit works by manipulating the wan_proto argument in the function sub_40B6F0 of the at/appy.cgi file, causing buffer overflow. Buffer overflow is a common type of security exploit where an application writes more data to a fixed-length block of memory (the buffer) than the buffer is designed to hold. This overflow can cause the application to crash or, in the worst-case scenario, allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

As an illustrative example, an attacker might send a malicious HTTP request similar to the one below to the vulnerable endpoint:
```
POST /at/appy.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
wan_proto=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...
```
In the above example, the “wan_proto” argument is filled with an excessively long string of “A” characters, intended to overflow the buffer and potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code.
Please note: This is a simplified, conceptual example and may not represent an actual exploit code for this vulnerability.
July 29, 2025
CVE-2025-51480: Path Traversal Vulnerability in ONNX 1.17.0
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, and staying ahead of threats is a continuous challenge. One recent vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-51480, is a path traversal vulnerability in ONNX 1.17.0. This vulnerability allows attackers to overwrite arbitrary files by supplying crafted external_data.location paths that contain traversal sequences. This effectively bypasses the intended directory restrictions, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. It is crucial for users and system administrators to understand the nature of this vulnerability and take necessary steps to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51480
Severity: High (8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ONNX | 1.17.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a flaw in the external_data_helper.save_external_data function of ONNX 1.17.0. An attacker can manipulate the external_data.location path, which the ONNX software uses to save data, to include path traversal sequences. This can cause the software to write data to unintended locations, overwriting existing files or creating new ones. This could potentially lead to the execution of arbitrary code or unauthorized data access if system files are overwritten.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker crafts a JSON payload that includes a path traversal sequence in the external_data.location field:
```
POST /api/save_data HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"external_data": {
"location": "../../../etc/passwd",
"data": "malicious_data"
}
}
```
In this example, the server might end up saving the “malicious_data” to the “/etc/passwd” file, a critical system file in Unix-like systems, potentially leading to system compromise.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for CVE-2025-51480 is to apply the vendor patch. This should resolve the vulnerability and prevent future exploitation. In case the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious requests can serve as a temporary mitigation. It is also recommended to always follow the principle of least privilege when setting file and directory permissions, restricting the potential impact of such vulnerabilities.
July 29, 2025
CVE-2025-51865: Critical Insecure Direct Object Reference Vulnerability in Ai2 playground web service
Overview

In the realm of cybersecurity, the discovery of new vulnerabilities is a critical step in the ongoing battle to protect systems and data. The recently identified vulnerability, CVE-2025-51865, affects the Ai2 playground web service (playground.allenai.org) LLM chat. This vulnerability matters because it exposes sensitive data to potential attackers and could result in a systemic compromise or data leakage.
The vulnerability lies in the LLM chat system and is due to an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) flaw. IDOR is a common web application vulnerability that allows an attacker to bypass authorization and directly access resources in the system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51865
Severity: High, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Web-based
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ai2 playground web service | All versions up to 2025-06-03

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in the LLM chat system of the Ai2 playground web service. By manipulating the thread keys in the URL, an attacker can enumerate through the different chat threads and gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploitation of the vulnerability might look like this:
```
GET /LLMChat/thread?thread_key=12345 HTTP/1.1
Host: playground.allenai.org
```
In this conceptual example, the attacker modifies the `thread_key` parameter in the URL. By enumerating through different values for this parameter, the attacker can potentially access chat threads they should not have access to.

Mitigation Guidance

In order to mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary measure to prevent unauthorized access. Regular monitoring and updating of systems are also crucial in reducing the risk of such vulnerabilities.
July 29, 2025
CVE-2025-8017: Critical Vulnerability in Tenda AC7 15.03.06.44 Leading to System Compromise
Overview

In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, the recent discovery of a critical vulnerability in Tenda AC7 15.03.06.44 has raised significant concerns among security experts. Classified as CVE-2025-8017, this vulnerability pertains to the function formSetMacFilterCfg in the file /goform/setMacFilterCfg of the httpd component. It allows a malicious actor to execute a stack-based buffer overflow by manipulating the argument deviceList. The gravity of the situation is further amplified by the fact that the exploit has been disclosed to the public and can be launched remotely, potentially affecting a large number of systems globally.
The vulnerability matters because it poses a significant threat to data security and system integrity. If exploited successfully, it could lead to potential system compromise and data leakage. This necessitates immediate attention and action from all users of the affected Tenda device.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8017
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC7 | 15.03.06.44

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-8017, resides in the function formSetMacFilterCfg of the httpd component in Tenda AC7. A buffer overflow condition occurs when a malicious actor manipulates the argument deviceList. This overflow, being stack-based, can lead to arbitrary code execution. Since the vulnerability can be exploited over the network without any form of authentication, it poses a high risk to the integrity and confidentiality of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how the vulnerability might be exploited could look something like this:
```
POST /goform/setMacFilterCfg HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "deviceList": "AAAAA....[5000 A's].....AAAAA" }
```
Here, the “deviceList” argument is filled with a large number of ‘A’s to overflow the buffer and potentially allow for arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

It is crucial to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. It is also recommended to monitor network traffic for any suspicious activities and isolate affected systems to prevent any potential spread in the network.
July 29, 2025
CVE-2015-10140: Unauthorized File Upload and Deletion Vulnerability in Ajax Load More Plugin
Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2015-10140 is a serious cybersecurity issue that affects the Ajax Load More plugin versions prior to 2.8.1.2. This plugin, widely used for loading more content via AJAX calls, failed to sufficiently authorize some of its AJAX actions. This flaw allows any authenticated users, even those with the low-level subscriber role, to upload and delete arbitrary files on the system. This kind of vulnerability is a significant threat to any website running the affected versions of the plugin, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2015-10140
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS v3 Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ajax Load More Plugin | Before 2.8.1.2

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of the lack of proper authorization checks in some of the AJAX actions implemented by the Ajax Load More plugin. Specifically, an authenticated user, such as a subscriber, can send a specially crafted AJAX request to upload or delete arbitrary files on the server. The unauthorized file upload can be used to deploy malicious scripts or web shells, while the file deletion capability can lead to data loss or disruption of website functionality.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual HTTP request demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:
```
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=alm_save_repeater&nonce=1234567890 HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="template"
<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
```
In this example, a malicious actor uses the `alm_save_repeater` AJAX action provided by the Ajax Load More plugin to upload a PHP file that allows arbitrary command execution on the server.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to update the Ajax Load More plugin to version 2.8.1.2 or later where this vulnerability has been fixed. If updating is not immediately possible, users can consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. It is also recommended to regularly monitor system logs and audit any suspicious activities.
July 29, 2025
CVE-2025-7945: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in D-Link DIR-513 routers up to the 20190831 version. This vulnerability is associated with the function formSetWanDhcpplus of the file /goform/formSetWanDhcpplus, and the manipulation of the argument ‘curTime’ can lead to a buffer overflow. This flaw is especially alarming as it can be exploited remotely, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It primarily affects products that are no longer supported by D-Link, increasing the risk for users with outdated devices.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7945
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

D-Link DIR-513 | Up to 20190831

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the function formSetWanDhcpplus of the file /goform/formSetWanDhcpplus. In this function, the ‘curTime’ argument is mishandled, leading to a buffer overflow. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specifically crafted request that manipulates the ‘curTime’ parameter. This could cause the system to overflow its buffer, leading to unexpected behavior, potential system crash, and even execution of arbitrary code. This exploit can be initiated remotely, and it does not require user interaction or privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This consists of a HTTP request with a manipulated ‘curTime’ parameter:
“`http
POST /goform/formSetWanDhcpplus HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
curTime=000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

July 29, 2025
CVE-2025-8037: High-Risk Cookie Vulnerability in Firefox and Thunderbird
Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continuously evolving, and one area that has been a constant cause of concern and focus is web browser security. This post takes an in-depth look at a recently discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-8037, that affects popular products such as Firefox and Thunderbird. This vulnerability, due to its high potential for system compromise or data leakage, has a severity score of 9.1 on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), indicating a critical threat level. The key to mitigating the risk associated with this vulnerability lies in understanding its mechanics, knowing how to detect it, and implementing appropriate safeguards.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8037
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Firefox | < 141 Firefox ESR | < 140.1 Thunderbird | < 141 Thunderbird ESR | < 140.1 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from how these web browsers handle cookies, particularly nameless cookies with an equals sign in the value. If a malicious actor manages to set such a cookie over HTTP, it can shadow other cookies, even those marked with the ‘Secure’ attribute. This means the attacker could potentially hijack the session cookies, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data or taking control of the user’s session.

Conceptual Example Code

The following example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using an HTTP request to set a nameless cookie:
```
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Cookie: =malicious; path=/; domain=.example.com; Secure
```
In this example, the `=` sign at the beginning of the cookie value sets a nameless cookie. The ‘Secure’ attribute, usually meant to ensure that the cookie is only sent over an encrypted connection, is ignored because of the vulnerability, allowing the cookie to be set over HTTP and shadow other cookies. This results in potential session hijacking, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. This patch fixes the cookie handling mechanism in the affected versions of Firefox and Thunderbird. As a temporary solution, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These tools can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability until the patch is applied.
It’s essential to stay vigilant and proactive in updating your systems and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to ensure the security of your data and systems against such vulnerabilities.
July 29, 2025
CVE-2025-8044: Critical Memory Safety Bugs in Firefox and Thunderbird
Overview

The CVE-2025-8044 vulnerability represents a significant risk to users of Firefox and Thunderbird versions 140 and below. This vulnerability is a memory safety issue, where bugs present in these versions show evidence of memory corruption. These bugs have the potential to be exploited to run arbitrary code. Because of the severity of the potential impact, this vulnerability has been assigned a CVSS score of 9.8, indicating a critical risk.
The widespread use of Firefox and Thunderbird, coupled with the severity of the vulnerability, underscores the criticality of addressing this issue promptly. Any compromise due to this vulnerability could potentially lead to system takeovers or significant data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8044
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Firefox | < 141 Thunderbird | < 141 How the Exploit Works

The exploit hinges on the memory safety bugs in Firefox and Thunderbird versions 140 and below. An attacker, with enough effort, could exploit these memory safety bugs to cause memory corruption. Once the memory is corrupted, the attacker could potentially exploit this corruption to execute arbitrary code.
This arbitrary code execution could enable the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the system running the vulnerable software, potentially leading to a full system compromise. Furthermore, the attacker could exfiltrate sensitive data, leading to a serious data breach.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact method of exploiting this vulnerability will depend on numerous factors, the conceptual example below provides a general idea of how an attacker might leverage a malformed request to exploit the memory safety bugs:
```
POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "Exploit code causing memory corruption..." }
```
In this hypothetical example, the “malicious_payload” would be crafted to trigger the memory safety bugs, leading to memory corruption and potentially arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation Measures

The best form of mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. Users of Firefox and Thunderbird should update these applications to version 141 or higher. In cases where updating is not possible or practical, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these measures should be seen as temporary, and updating to a patched version should be done as soon as possible.
July 29, 2025