Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2025-54231: Use After Free Vulnerability in Adobe Framemaker Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution

    Overview

    In this blog post, we delve into the intricate details of the CVE-2025-54231 vulnerability, a critical security flaw present in the Adobe Framemaker software. This vulnerability has been identified in the versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier. The flaw is categorized as a Use After Free vulnerability, presenting a potential threat to system security as it could result in arbitrary code execution under certain circumstances. Because of the widespread usage of Adobe Framemaker, this vulnerability could have far-reaching implications, potentially affecting numerous systems and networks.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54231
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: User
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability in question concerns a Use After Free condition. In essence, this means that the software, Adobe Framemaker in this case, uses a pointer after it has been freed. This can lead to a variety of issues, including crashes, but, more worryingly, it could also result in arbitrary code execution.
    The flaw becomes exploitable when a user opens a malicious file, causing the application to access memory that has previously been freed. This could allow an attacker to inject malicious code into this space, which the application could then inadvertently execute.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simplified representation and the actual process would likely involve more complex manipulations:

    #include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
char* pointer = malloc(10);
free(pointer);
strcpy(pointer, "malicious_code");
printf("%s\n", pointer);
}

    In this hypothetical code snippet, a pointer is allocated with `malloc()`, then immediately freed with `free()`. However, the pointer is then used again with `strcpy()` to insert a malicious string. When the application subsequently tries to print the string with `printf()`, it inadvertently executes the malicious code.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Users are advised to immediately apply the vendor-provided patch to mitigate the vulnerability in question. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, this should not be seen as a long-term solution and patching should be prioritized as soon as feasible.
    Regularly updating your software and maintaining a robust security system are key to ensuring your systems remain protected against such vulnerabilities.

  • CVE-2025-54230: Adobe Framemaker Use After Free Vulnerability

    Overview

    This blog post aims to shed light on a critical security vulnerability that has been identified in certain versions of Adobe Framemaker, a popular document processing software. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-54230, could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user on the compromised system.
    The implications of this vulnerability are severe, as it can potentially lead to unauthorized system compromise and data leakage. This vulnerability predominantly affects users of Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6, and earlier. It is crucial for all stakeholders to understand the nature of this vulnerability, how it can be exploited, and what measures can be taken to mitigate its impact.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54230
    Severity: High, CVSS Score 7.8
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: System compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8 and earlier
    Adobe Framemaker | 2022.6 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability stems from a Use After Free issue in the affected versions of Adobe Framemaker. Use After Free refers to the attempt to access memory after it has been freed, which can cause a program to crash or, potentially, execute arbitrary code. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by tricking a user into opening a malicious file. When the victim opens this file, it triggers the vulnerability, potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following pseudocode represents a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    def exploit_vulnerability(target_file):
# Load malicious payload
payload = load_payload("malicious_payload.txt")
# Open the target file in Adobe FrameMaker
file = open_file(target_file)
# Insert the malicious payload into the file
insert_payload(file, payload)
# Save and close the file
close_file(file)
print("Exploit completed.")

    In this example, the function `exploit_vulnerability` is used to insert a malicious payload into a target file. When this file is opened in Adobe Framemaker, it will trigger the Use After Free vulnerability and potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code.

    Recommended Mitigation

    Affected users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
    Please remember that while these mitigation methods can reduce the risk, they do not eliminate it entirely. Therefore, it is crucial to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible.

  • CVE-2025-54229: Use After Free Vulnerability in Adobe Framemaker Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution

    Overview

    CVE-2025-54229 is a significant vulnerability found in Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier. This vulnerability is a Use After Free exploit, a type of issue that can allow attackers to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. This exploit is particularly dangerous as it can potentially compromise a system or lead to data leakage. The severity of the issue is underscored by its CVSS Severity Score of 7.8, signifying that it’s of high importance and should be addressed immediately by users and system administrators of affected systems.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54229
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability exists due to a Use After Free condition within the Adobe Framemaker software. It happens when an application continues to use a pointer after it has been freed. This can lead to a variety of impacts, including control-flow hijacking and arbitrary code execution. In this case, a malicious actor can craft a file that, when opened by a victim using an affected version of Adobe Framemaker, could trigger the vulnerability and allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example demonstrating how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The example is pseudocode designed to trigger the Use After Free condition.

    1. Create a new Document object in Adobe Framemaker
2. Free the Document object
3. Continue to use the Document object, triggering a Use After Free condition
4. Insert malicious code that gets executed due to the Use After Free condition

    Please note this is a simplified illustration and real-world exploits would be more complex and tailored to specific software environments.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Users and administrators of affected systems are strongly advised to apply the appropriate patches provided by Adobe as soon as possible. If patching is not immediately feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation technique to monitor and block potential exploit attempts. However, these are not long-term solutions and patching the vulnerable software is strongly recommended.

  • CVE-2025-54222: Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability in Substance3D – Stager

    Overview

    CVE-2025-54222 is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that affects Substance3D – Stager versions 3.1.3 and earlier. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability can execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. This vulnerability is considered severe due to its potential to lead to system compromise or data leakage. The impact and risk of this vulnerability are significantly increased as it requires user interaction, with the victim needing to open a malicious file to trigger the exploit.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54222
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: User
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: System compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Substance3D – Stager | 3.1.3 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by leveraging an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Substance3D – Stager. An attacker can craft a malicious file that, when opened by the victim, triggers the vulnerability, allowing the attacker to write data beyond the allocated memory boundaries. This unauthorized write access can lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user, potentially leading to a full system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    This conceptual example shows how a malicious payload might be embedded in a file to exploit the vulnerability. The code is abstract and doesn’t represent any real programming language, but it’s intended to demonstrate the nature of the exploit.

    # hypothetical malicious_payload
malicious_payload = b"\x90" * 1000  # NOP sled
malicious_payload += b"\xCC" * 100  # INT 3 instructions
# hypothetical file write operation
with open("malicious_file.stg", "wb") as f:
f.write(b"regular_data")
f.write(b"\x00" * 10)  # padding
f.write(malicious_payload)

    In the above hypothetical scenario, the malicious payload, when loaded by Substance3D – Stager, would trigger the out-of-bounds write vulnerability, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. The actual exploit would be far more complex and would require in-depth knowledge of the system and software internals.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To prevent exploitation of this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patch provided by the vendor. If a patch is not available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block known malicious activities related to this vulnerability. However, they may not be able to block a sophisticated or zero-day exploit. Therefore, it’s always recommended to apply the vendor’s patches as soon as they’re available.

  • CVE-2025-54226: Use After Free Vulnerability in InDesign Desktop Leads to Arbitrary Code Execution

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is continuously evolving with new vulnerabilities being identified regularly. One such recently discovered vulnerability is the CVE-2025-54226, affecting specific versions of InDesign Desktop. As a software widely used for publishing design and layout, InDesign Desktop’s vulnerability poses a significant risk to individuals and organizations alike. This vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user, resulting in potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54226
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS v3)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Arbitrary code execution potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    InDesign Desktop | 20.4
    InDesign Desktop | 19.5.4

    How the Exploit Works

    The CVE-2025-54226 vulnerability leverages a common programming error known as Use After Free. In this scenario, the InDesign Desktop application attempts to reference memory after it has been freed or deleted. This can lead to a range of adverse outcomes, including application crashes, data corruption, or, in this case, arbitrary code execution. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must trick a user into opening a malicious file, which then exploits the Use After Free vulnerability to execute arbitrary code within the context of the user’s session.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Given the nature of the vulnerability, it’s not feasible to provide a HTTP request or shell command. However, the conceptual pseudocode below can give an idea of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

    1. Create malicious_file.indd containing exploit code
2. Victim opens malicious_file.indd with affected InDesign Desktop version
3. Exploit code triggers Use After Free vulnerability
4. Arbitrary code executes within victim's user context

    Please note that this is a simplistic representation and actual exploit development would require deep understanding of memory management and the specific workings of the vulnerable application.

  • CVE-2025-54225: Critical Use After Free Vulnerability in InDesign Desktop

    Overview

    InDesign Desktop, a widely used desktop publishing and typesetting software, is grappling with a serious cybersecurity issue. The software, in its versions 20.4, 19.5.4 and earlier, is affected by a Use After Free vulnerability classified under CVE-2025-54225. This vulnerability can lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. If exploited, this could potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage. Given the widespread use of InDesign Desktop across various sectors, this vulnerability poses a serious risk to information security.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54225
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    InDesign Desktop | 20.4 and earlier
    InDesign Desktop | 19.5.4 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The Use After Free vulnerability in InDesign Desktop is a memory corruption flaw that happens when the software continues to reference memory after it has been freed/deleted. This can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can craft a malicious file that exploits this vulnerability. Once the user opens this file, the attacker can execute arbitrary code within the context of the current user.

    Conceptual Example Code

    While specific exploit code for CVE-2025-54225 has not been publicly disclosed to prevent misuse, an example of a general Use After Free exploit is shown below. This is a simplified pseudocode representation and does not represent a real exploit.

    # Pseudocode for a Use After Free vulnerability
class VulnerableObject:
def execute(self, command):
eval(command)
def exploit():
obj = VulnerableObject()
obj.execute("some command")
del obj  # Object is deleted here
obj.execute("malicious command")  # But it's still being used here
exploit()

    In the context of CVE-2025-54225, the “malicious command” would be embedded in a file that the user opens, leading to the execution of arbitrary code.

    Mitigations

    Users of affected InDesign Desktop versions are strongly advised to apply the vendor-provided patch immediately. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching software is a key practice in preventing the exploitation of such vulnerabilities.

  • CVE-2025-54224: Use After Free Vulnerability in InDesign Desktop Versions Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution

    Overview

    There exists a critical vulnerability in InDesign Desktop versions 20.4, 19.5.4 and earlier which could potentially result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. This vulnerability is designated as CVE-2025-54224. The exploitation of this issue requires user interaction wherein a victim is compelled to open a malicious file. Given the widespread use of InDesign in the desktop publishing industry, this vulnerability poses a serious threat to millions of users worldwide, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54224
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Arbitrary code execution leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    InDesign Desktop | 20.4 and earlier
    InDesign Desktop | 19.5.4 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability exploits a Use After Free scenario within the InDesign Desktop software. Use After Free refers to the attempt to access memory after it has been freed, which can cause a program to crash or, in the case of a Use-After-Free flaw, can potentially result in the execution of arbitrary code. In this case, a malicious actor can craft a file that, when opened in the affected versions of InDesign, triggers the flaw and allows the attacker’s code to run in the context of the current user.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Given the nature of this vulnerability, the conceptual example code would involve the creation of a file containing malicious code. This could look something like:

    class MaliciousFile:
def __init__(self):
self.payload = b"\x41" * 100 # this represents the malicious payload
def save(self, filename):
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
f.write(self.payload)

    In this pseudocode, a malicious file is created with a payload that triggers the Use After Free vulnerability when opened in the affected InDesign versions. Please note that this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit would likely be much more complex and specifically crafted to target the vulnerability in question.

  • CVE-2025-54223: Use After Free Vulnerability in InCopy Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution

    Overview

    The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures system has identified a significant vulnerability, designated CVE-2025-54223, existing in InCopy versions 20.4, 19.5.4, and earlier. This vulnerability is notably severe due to its potential to enable an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. The implication of this is that the vulnerability could be exploited to take control of an affected system or to exfiltrate sensitive data. It is crucial for organizations and individuals utilizing InCopy to be aware of this threat and to take the necessary steps to mitigate it.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54223
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    InCopy | 20.4 and earlier
    InCopy | 19.5.4 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability, known as a Use After Free vulnerability, exploits a specific type of programming error where the software uses memory space after it has been freed or de-allocated. This can lead to a variety of problematic outcomes including crashing the program, producing incorrect results, or, in this case, allowing a malicious actor to insert and execute arbitrary code.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, a malicious payload is embedded within a document file that a user is tricked into opening:

    POST /openDocument HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerableInCopy.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "document": {
"header": "normal_header_data",
"body": "normal_body_data",
"footer": "normal_footer_data",
"malicious_payload": "code_to_be_executed_after_free()"
}
}

    In the above HTTP request, the malicious payload (“code_to_be_executed_after_free()”) is placed within the document object. When the document is opened in a vulnerable version of InCopy, the payload gets executed after the memory containing the document has been freed, leading to arbitrary code execution.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to mitigate the vulnerability. As a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor network traffic and alert or block suspicious activities.

  • CVE-2025-54221: Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability in InCopy Allowing for Arbitrary Code Execution

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-54221 vulnerability is a critical issue that affects InCopy versions 20.4, 19.5.4, and earlier. This vulnerability is an out-of-bounds write issue that potentially allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the victim’s context. The severity of this issue is emphasized by the fact that a successful exploit could result in system compromise or data leakage. It’s essential for users and IT administrators to understand this vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate the risk it poses.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54221
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    InCopy | 20.4 and earlier
    InCopy | 19.5.4 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploitation of CVE-2025-54221 involves the abuse of an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in InCopy. This vulnerability allows an attacker to write data outside the expected boundaries of allocated memory, potentially leading to the execution of arbitrary code. The exploit requires user interaction, specifically the victim must open a malicious file. Once the file is opened, the attacker can execute code in the context of the current user, potentially gaining unauthorized access or causing data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    While the exact code to exploit this vulnerability could vary depending on the specific target, an example of how this might look is as follows:

    # Attacker prepares a malicious InCopy file
echo "malicious_payload" > malicious.icml
# Attacker sends the malicious file to the victim
mail -s "Important Document" victim@example.com < malicious.icml

    In this example, the attacker creates a malicious InCopy file and sends it to the victim via email. If the victim opens this malicious file with a vulnerable version of InCopy, the arbitrary code embedded within the file would be executed, potentially compromising the system or causing data leakage.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2025-54221, users should apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and potentially block exploitation attempts. Regularly updating and patching software is one of the most effective ways to protect against such vulnerabilities.

  • CVE-2025-54220: Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in InCopy Versions 20.4, 19.5.4 and Earlier

    Overview

    The vulnerability CVE-2025-54220 is a critical heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability that affects certain versions of the popular desktop publishing software, InCopy. This vulnerability could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. The affected versions of InCopy are 20.4, 19.5.4 and earlier. This issue is especially significant because it could lead to a system compromise or data leakage if successfully exploited by an attacker, and it requires user interaction, namely the opening of a malicious file.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-54220
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: System Compromise or Data Leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    InCopy | 20.4
    InCopy | 19.5.4 and earlier

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the InCopy software. In this case, an attacker could craft a malicious file that, when opened in the affected versions of InCopy, overflows the buffer and corrupts the heap memory. This could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. The attacker’s code could potentially take full control of the affected system, leading to a system compromise, or access sensitive data, resulting in data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example demonstrating how an attacker might craft a malicious file to exploit this vulnerability:

    #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 100
int main() {
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
FILE *malicious_file;
malicious_file = fopen("malicious_file.icml", "r");
if (malicious_file == NULL) {
printf("Could not open file\n");
return 1;
}
fread(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 1, malicious_file);
buffer[BUFFER_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
fclose(malicious_file);
}

    In the above example, the buffer size is defined as 100 bytes. If the content of the `malicious_file.icml` is larger than 100 bytes, it will overflow the buffer and corrupt the heap memory, possibly leading to arbitrary code execution.
    Please note that this is a simplified and conceptual example. Actual exploits would be more complex and require a deeper understanding of the software’s internal workings.

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