Author: Ameeba

Overview

In the ever-evolving world of cybersecurity, new vulnerabilities are frequently discovered and exploited by malicious actors. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-47124, is at the center of attention for its potential to compromise entire systems or lead to significant data leakage. This vulnerability, which affects Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6, and earlier, is of significant importance due to the widespread use of Adobe products in various industries, making this an issue of potentially global scale.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47124
Severity: High – CVSS Score: 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential for system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8 and earlier
Adobe Framemaker | 2022.6 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the way Adobe Framemaker handles certain file types. Specifically, an out-of-bounds write vulnerability can occur when the software attempts to write data beyond the memory buffer, causing it to overwrite adjacent memory locations.
This vulnerability can be exploited by an attacker who successfully induces a user to open a specially crafted malicious file. In doing so, the attacker can cause arbitrary code to be executed in the context of the current user. This could potentially lead to a full system compromise or data leakage if the user holds administrative privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might craft a malicious file that exploits this vulnerability:

# Pseudocode for a crafted malicious file exploiting the vulnerability
def create_exploit_file(file_path):
# Create a file with specific content that triggers the out-of-bounds write
malicious_content = generate_malicious_content()  # method that generates content exploiting the vulnerability
with open(file_path, "w") as exploit_file:
exploit_file.write(malicious_content)
create_exploit_file("/path/to/malicious_file")

An attacker could use this pseudocode to create a malicious file that, when opened with a vulnerable version of Adobe Framemaker, exploits the out-of-bounds write vulnerability, executing arbitrary code in the context of the current user.

Mitigation and Prevention

Adobe has released a patch that addresses this vulnerability. Users are strongly advised to update their Adobe Framemaker software to the latest version to protect against this exploit. As a temporary mitigation, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can also provide some protection against potential exploits. However, these measures should not replace the need for applying the vendor’s patch.
In addition to these measures, users should be wary of opening any files from unknown or untrusted sources, as this exploit requires user interaction, specifically the opening of a malicious file, to be successful. This underlines the importance of following good cybersecurity practices, such as regularly applying patches, using firewalls and intrusion detection systems, and being cautious of untrusted sources.

Overview

This blog post provides a detailed analysis of a serious vulnerability identified in Adobe Framemaker, marked as CVE-2025-47123. Adobe Framemaker, a desktop publishing software product widely used for writing and editing large or complex documents, is affected by a significant Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in its versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier. This issue is of particular concern as it could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. The implications of this vulnerability are considerable, as it provides a gateway for potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47123
Severity: High severity | CVSS score: 7.8
Attack Vector: File-based
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8 and earlier
Adobe Framemaker | 2022.6 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Adobe Framemaker can be exploited when a user opens a malicious file. The attacker creates a file designed to overflow the heap buffer when processed by Adobe Framemaker. This overflow can corrupt data, crash the application, or allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code. The last potential outcome is particularly dangerous, as it means the attacker can execute commands on the system with the same privileges as the user running the vulnerable software.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of this exploit could look like this:

$ # Attacker creates a malicious file
$ echo "overflow data" > malicious_file.fmk
$ # Victim opens the malicious file in Adobe Framemaker
$ open -a Adobe\ Framemaker malicious_file.fmk

In this example, `overflow data` is a placeholder for actual overflow-inducing data. The exact nature of this data would depend on specific vulnerabilities in the software’s file parsing code. The `open` command represents a user opening the file using Adobe Framemaker.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently reported a severe vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-47122. This vulnerability affects Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier, potentially exposing a wide range of systems to threats. The vulnerability is due to a heap-based buffer overflow, which, if successfully exploited, could result in arbitrary code execution by an attacker. This blog post will delve deeper into the technical aspects of this vulnerability, including its impact, mitigation guidance, and how it can be exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47122
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8
Adobe Framemaker | 2022.6 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Adobe Framemaker stems from improper memory management during the handling of certain files. If a user is tricked into opening a specially crafted malicious file, an attacker can trigger a buffer overflow. This overflow can corrupt adjacent blocks of memory, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the user running the application. This can potentially lead to full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

To illustrate how an exploit might look in practice, consider the following conceptual example. This pseudocode represents a simplistic version of the overflow-triggering payload:

buffer = "A" * 5000  # Create a buffer with 5000 'A' characters
file = open("malicious.framemakerfile", "w")  # Open a new Framemaker file
file.write(buffer)  # Write the buffer to the file
file.close()  # Close the file

In this example, a malicious file is created with a size greater than what the application can handle, causing the buffer overflow when the file is opened in Adobe Framemaker.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, Adobe has released a patch which should be applied immediately. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can potentially detect and block attempts to exploit the vulnerability. However, these should not be seen as long-term solutions, and patching the software should be a priority to ensure system safety.

Overview

CVE-2025-47121 is a serious vulnerability affecting Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6, and earlier. This vulnerability involves an uninitialized pointer that, when exploited, can lead to arbitrary code execution. This is a significant issue as it can lead to unauthorized system access or control, potentially resulting in system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability requires user interaction, meaning a user must open a malicious file for the exploit to take effect. This vulnerability is a concern for any entity utilizing the affected Adobe Framemaker versions, as it can lead to unauthorized access and potential loss of sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47121
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Framemaker | 2020.8
Adobe Framemaker | 2022.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to an uninitialized pointer in Adobe Framemaker. An attacker can craft a malicious file, which when opened by a user in the affected Framemaker versions, triggers the vulnerability. The uninitialized pointer can then be manipulated to execute arbitrary code. This code runs in the context of the current user, potentially granting the attacker the same privileges as the victim. This could lead to unauthorized system access, potential system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While no specific exploit code is available, the conceptual mechanism of the attack would likely follow this pattern:

POST /malicious_file.fmk HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/framemaker
{ "uninitialized_pointer": "arbitrary_code" }

In this example, the attacker crafts a Framemaker (.fmk) file with arbitrary code embedded. When this file is opened by a user, the uninitialized pointer vulnerability is triggered, executing the embedded code.

Mitigation

The most recommended course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, or if patching is not immediately feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary protection by detecting and potentially blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching software is a critical component of maintaining cybersecurity.

Overview

CVE-2025-47099 is a critical vulnerability discovered in older versions of InCopy, a popular desktop publishing software. This vulnerability stems from a heap-based buffer overflow issue, which could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the current user. Given the widespread use of InCopy, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to individuals and organizations alike, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47099
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

InCopy | 20.3, 19.5.3, and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a flaw in the manner in which InCopy handles memory allocation for certain file types. A maliciously crafted file, when opened by a user, can cause a heap-based buffer overflow, overwriting memory areas that should not be accessible. This can lead to the execution of arbitrary code in the context of the user who opened the file, potentially allowing an attacker to compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how a malicious payload might be crafted. Note that the actual exploit would involve complex binary manipulations and would likely be embedded within a file format that InCopy can open.

#!/bin/bash
# Create a file with a payload that causes a buffer overflow
echo -n 'HEADER' > exploit.icml
echo -n 'OVERFLOW_PAYLOAD' >> exploit.icml
echo -n 'ARBITRARY_CODE' >> exploit.icml
# The resulting file `exploit.icml` can be opened by InCopy, causing a buffer overflow and the execution of the arbitrary code.

Mitigation

To protect against this vulnerability, users should apply the latest vendor-provided patches for InCopy. If patches are not available or cannot be applied immediately, it is recommended to use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as a temporary mitigation method to detect potential exploit attempts. Furthermore, users should be cautious when opening files from untrusted sources, as the exploit requires user interaction to be successful.

Overview

InCopy, a popular software application used for general word processing, is the latest product to be affected by a critical vulnerability. The vulnerability, which has been assigned the identifier CVE-2025-47098, impacts versions 20.3, 19.5.3, and earlier. It is a serious concern for users and cybersecurity professionals alike due to its potential to result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. This means that an attacker exploiting this vulnerability could potentially execute malicious code, compromising the victim’s system and potentially leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47098
Severity: High (CVSS 7.8)
Attack Vector: Document file
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

InCopy | 20.3 and earlier
InCopy | 19.5.3 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is an Access of Uninitialized Pointer type. This means that there is an error in the program’s memory access operations. A pointer, a variable used in programming to store the memory address of another variable or function, is being accessed before it has been properly set up. If a malicious file is opened by the victim, the uninitialized pointer could be exploited to execute arbitrary code in the context of the user executing the malicious file.

Conceptual Example Code

Though the exact code to exploit this vulnerability will depend on many factors, including the specific system configuration and the attacker’s goals, a simple example might involve crafting a malicious document file that triggers the uninitialized pointer when opened. Here is a very basic conceptual representation of what that might look like:

let malicious_payload = {
// The uninitialized pointer is triggered here
trigger: function() {
let uninitialized_pointer;
return uninitialized_pointer.execute();
}
}
// The malicious file is opened, triggering the exploit
malicious_payload.trigger();

Please note, this is a simplified conceptual example and real-world exploits would likely be far more complex and obfuscated.

Recommendations for Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If for any reason the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these should not be considered long-term solutions as they might not fully protect against all potential exploitation techniques.

Overview

A significant vulnerability labeled CVE-2025-47097 has been identified in InCopy versions 20.3, 19.5.3 and earlier versions. This vulnerability is a notable security threat due to its potential to allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage. This flaw is a pressing concern to those users and organizations who rely on the affected InCopy versions, as it can be exploited if a user interacts with a malicious file.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47097
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

InCopy | 20.3
InCopy | 19.5.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages an Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability present in the affected InCopy versions. An attacker crafts a malicious file that, when opened by a victim, triggers the integer underflow. This condition can cause the program to operate in an unintended way, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the user who opened the malicious file.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might craft a malicious file to exploit this vulnerability. The exact details will vary depending on the specifics of the vulnerable system and the attacker’s goals.

# Pseudo code for malicious payload
import struct
def craft_malicious_file():
# Craft a file that triggers an integer underflow in the target application
buffer = struct.pack('<I', 0xFFFFFFFF)  # Underflow occurs when subtracted by 1
buffer += 'A' * 1024  # Add arbitrary code here
with open('malicious.icml', 'wb') as f:
f.write(buffer)
craft_malicious_file()

This script crafts a file (`malicious.icml`) that triggers an integer underflow when opened by the vulnerable application, potentially causing the application to execute the arbitrary code contained within the file.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Ensure that these systems are configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly update your security systems to incorporate the latest threat intelligence.

Overview

CVE-2025-49532 is a critical vulnerability found in several versions of Illustrator that could potentially compromise the entire system and result in data leakage. The vulnerability stems from an Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) issue, which could be exploited to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. Given the widespread use of Illustrator across multiple platforms and industries, this vulnerability poses a serious threat to users, particularly if an attacker uses it to gain unauthorized access or control over sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49532
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Illustrator | 28.7.6, 29.5.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability occurs due to an Integer Underflow within Illustrator. An Integer Underflow is a condition that can occur in an application when an integer value is decreased below the minimum value that the integer type can store or represent. In this case, the underflow can lead to a buffer overflow condition, which can be manipulated by an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the current user.
To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker needs to craft a malicious file and persuade the victim to open this file using the vulnerable Illustrator software. Upon opening the malicious file, the Integer Underflow vulnerability is triggered, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Given below is a simplified conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is not actual code but a conceptual representation to understand the exploitation process.

def integer_underflow(file):
buffer = bytearray()
with open(file, 'rb') as f:
buffer.extend(f.read())
# underflow occurs here
buffer_size = len(buffer) - 65536
# buffer overflow leading to arbitrary code execution
overflow = bytearray(buffer_size)
overflow.extend(buffer)
execute(overflow)

In the above example, an underflow occurs when trying to subtract a large value (65536) from the size of the buffer, which results in a negative value. This negative value is used to create a new buffer (overflow), which leads to a buffer overflow condition. This condition can be exploited to execute arbitrary code.

Overview

CVE-2025-49531 is a severe security vulnerability that affects Illustrator versions 28.7.6, 29.5.1 and earlier. This particular vulnerability, known as an integer overflow or wraparound, could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. This could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant threat to users of the affected Illustrator versions.
The exploitation of this vulnerability requires user interaction, meaning that a victim must open a malicious file for the exploit to occur. This makes it a socially-engineered threat where users are tricked into opening infected files, thus compromising their systems. This blog post aims to provide a detailed analysis of this CVE, its impact, and the mitigation steps users can take.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49531
Severity: High (CVSS 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Illustrator | 28.7.6, 29.5.1, and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of an integer overflow or wraparound vulnerability in the affected Illustrator versions. An attacker creates a malicious file with specific values that, once opened in Illustrator, trigger the integer overflow. This can result in an out-of-bounds memory access, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how a malicious payload might appear. The payload would be embedded in a manipulated file that, when opened, triggers the integer overflow.

file_header = "Standard Illustrator File Header"
payload = "Malicious payload causing integer overflow"
file_footer = "Standard Illustrator File Footer"
malicious_file = file_header + payload + file_footer

This pseudocode is purely illustrative and does not represent an actual exploit code. It is only intended to give you an understanding of how an attacker might craft a malicious file that exploits the CVE-2025-49531 vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch which addresses this issue. In the absence of a patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, helping to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. It is also recommended to practice caution when opening files from unknown sources, as this vulnerability requires user interaction to be exploited.

Overview

In the dynamic landscape of cybersecurity, a new threat has emerged that affects popular versions of Adobe Illustrator – a widely used vector graphics editor. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-49530, is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is significant as Illustrator is extensively used by graphic designers worldwide, and an exploited vulnerability could lead to serious consequences for the user and their data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49530
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Arbitrary code execution leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Adobe Illustrator | 28.7.6 and earlier
Adobe Illustrator | 29.5.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to inadequate handling of certain types of files by the affected versions of Adobe Illustrator. Specifically, it is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability, meaning that it allows an attacker to write data past the end of allocated objects. This can corrupt data, crash the program, or in worst-case scenarios, lead to arbitrary code execution. Successful exploitation requires a victim to open a maliciously crafted file, which then executes code in the context of the current user.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is represented in pseudocode:

function exploit_CVE-2025-49530(file) {
malicious_payload = generate_malicious_payload()
corrupt_file(file, malicious_payload)
}
function generate_malicious_payload() {
// Returns a payload that exploits out-of-bounds write vulnerability
return crafted_payload
}
function corrupt_file(file, payload) {
// Inserts the payload into the file in such a way that opening the file causes the payload to be executed
file.write(payload)
}

In this example, the `exploit_CVE-2025-49530` function takes a file as input and corrupts it with a malicious payload that exploits the out-of-bounds write vulnerability. The `generate_malicious_payload` function returns this crafted payload, and the `corrupt_file` function writes the payload into the file in a way that results in the payload being executed when the file is opened.