Author: Ameeba

Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently uncovered a severe security flaw in NCR Terminal Handler v.1.5.1, which has been assigned the identifier CVE-2023-47031. This vulnerability enables a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted POST request, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. The flaw is particularly alarming because of its high CVSS Severity Score of 9.8, indicating a critical risk level. Any organization that uses NCR Terminal Handler v.1.5.1 should take immediate steps to address this vulnerability to protect their systems from potential attacks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-47031
Severity: Critical (9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NCR Terminal Handler | v.1.5.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit operates by an attacker sending a specially crafted POST request to the grantRolesToUsers, grantRolesToGroups, and grantRolesToOrganization SOAP API components of the NCR Terminal Handler v.1.5.1. Once the request is processed by the system, it leads to an inappropriate privilege assignment, allowing the attacker to gain escalated privileges. This exploitation can lead to unauthorized access and potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This code is an illustration and not actual exploit code.

POST /grantRolesToUsers HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: text/xml
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"
xmlns:web="http://www.example.com/">
<soapenv:Header/>
<soapenv:Body>
<web:grantRolesToUsers>
<web:userId>1</web:userId>
<web:roleId>admin</web:roleId>
</web:grantRolesToUsers>
</soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>

In the above example, the attacker crafts a SOAP request to assign the ‘admin’ role to the user with ID ‘1’.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of NCR Terminal Handler v.1.5.1 are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the meantime, implementing a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block attempts to exploit the vulnerability, but they are not a substitute for patching the software.

Overview

CVE-2025-6487 is a critical vulnerability found in TOTOLINK A3002R 1.1.1-B20200824.0128 that could allow malicious users to potentially compromise the system or cause data leakage. The vulnerability affects the function formRoute of the file /boafrm/formRoute. Cybersecurity professionals, network administrators, and users of this product should pay close attention to this vulnerability due to its high severity and the fact that it can be exploited remotely.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6487
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Possible system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A3002R | 1.1.1-B20200824.0128

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the handling of the ‘subnet’ argument in the function formRoute of the file /boafrm/formRoute. An unchecked manipulation of the ‘subnet’ argument can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow. A buffer overflow occurs when the volume of data exceeds the storage capacity of the buffer, causing the extra information to overflow into adjacent buffers. In this case, an attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request with a manipulated ‘subnet’ argument, causing the buffer to overflow and enabling the execution of arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simplified representation and the actual attack would require a specifically crafted malicious payload.

POST /boafrm/formRoute HTTP/1.1
Host: target-router-ip
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
subnet=255.255.255.0&overflowing_data=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...

In the above example, an excessively long value is used for the ‘overflowing_data’ parameter, causing the buffer to overflow and potentially allowing the execution of the ‘overflowing_data’ as code.

Mitigations

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. In the meantime, or in cases where applying the patch is not immediately possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may be used as temporary mitigations. These systems should be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability by monitoring for unusual or excessively long ‘subnet’ argument values.

Overview

Widely used in both homes and businesses, TOTOLINK A3002R routers have become a critical part of the digital infrastructure. However, a recently discovered vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-6486, has cast a shadow over their security. This flaw is deemed critical due to its potential for remote exploitation, with the attacker requiring no privileges or user interaction to compromise the system. This vulnerability, if left unaddressed, could lead to severe consequences, including data breaches and severe disruptions to services.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6486
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A3002R | 1.1.1-B20200824.0128

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the function formWlanMultipleAP of the file /boafrm/formWlanMultipleAP in TOTOLINK A3002R version 1.1.1-B20200824.0128. It arises from improper handling of the ‘submit-url’ argument, leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. This allows an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code on the target system without the need for any user interaction or privileges, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, with a malicious payload in the ‘submit-url’ argument.

POST /boafrm/formWlanMultipleAP HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=<malicious_payload>

In this scenario, “ is a carefully designed string that, when processed by the vulnerable function, triggers a buffer overflow, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system.
Please note that this is a simplified example for illustrative purposes and may not directly apply to the actual exploitation of this vulnerability. The actual exploit may require intricate knowledge of the target system’s configuration, memory layout, and other factors that are beyond the scope of this article.

Overview

This blog post serves to shed light on the highly-rated vulnerability, designated as CVE-2023-47295. This particular vulnerability affects the NCR Terminal Handler application, specifically version 1.5.1. The severity of this vulnerability stems from its potential to allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a CSV injection technique. This vulnerability is of significant concern due its potential to compromise systems and result in data leakage if exploited successfully.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-47295
Severity: Critical (9.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NCR Terminal Handler | v1.5.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability revolves around a CSV injection technique. In essence, an attacker would craft a malicious payload and inject it into any text field within the NCR Terminal Handler application that accepts strings. Once the application processes this payload, the attacker gains the ability to execute arbitrary commands within the system. This could range from data extraction to full system control, depending on the nature of the commands executed.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. Here, the attacker sends a POST request to the target system with a malicious payload embedded into the request body:

POST /ncr/terminal HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "text_field": "=cmd|' /C calc'!A0" }

The string within the “text_field” parameter is a common CSV injection payload, which, when processed by the vulnerable application, would execute the command within the single quotes-in this case opening the calculator application. In a real-world scenario, this command would likely be much more malicious, potentially leading to data leakage or full system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of NCR Terminal Handler v1.5.1 are strongly advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor to mitigate this vulnerability. Alternatively, users may employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure, which can help to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are not long-term solutions and the patch should be applied as soon as possible to prevent potential exploitation.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly shifting, with new vulnerabilities surfacing regularly. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2023-47032, has been reported in the NCR Terminal Handler version 1.5.1, a widely used terminal management system. This vulnerability can allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a specially crafted script to the UserService SOAP API function. Given the high CVSS severity score of 9.8, it’s crucial for organizations using this system to address this issue promptly to avoid potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-47032
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NCR Terminal Handler | v1.5.1

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exists due to the insecure handling of passwords in the UserService SOAP API function. An attacker can craft a malicious script and send it to the vulnerable API endpoint. As the system lacks proper input validation, it processes the malicious script, leading to arbitrary code execution. The attacker can then potentially gain control over the system and may proceed to steal sensitive data or cause other types of harm.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability. This example represents an HTTP request, where the attacker sends a specially crafted script in the request body:

POST /UserService/ SOAP API HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: text/xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soapenv:Body>
<m:UserService>
<m:script>malicious_script_here</m:script>
</m:UserService>
</soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>

In the above example, `malicious_script_here` would be replaced with the actual malicious script crafted by the attacker. The payload would exploit the password vulnerability in the UserService SOAP API function, leading to arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation and Remediation

Users of the NCR Terminal Handler v1.5.1 are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible to mitigate this high-risk vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure, although this should not replace patching the system. Regularly updating and patching systems is a fundamental aspect of maintaining a secure IT environment.

Overview

CVE-2025-6402 is a critical security vulnerability discovered in TOTOLINK X15 version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its ability to be exploited remotely, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. As the exploit has been made public, the risk of exploitation is significantly increased, placing all users of the affected product version at risk. This vulnerability underscores the importance of regular software updates and security patch application.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6402
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network (through HTTP POST Request Handler)
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the unknown code of the file /boafrm/formIpv6Setup of the HTTP POST Request Handler component. The manipulation of the ‘submit-url’ argument can lead to a buffer overflow condition. This condition is precipitated by an attacker sending specially crafted data in an HTTP POST request, which overruns the buffer, leading to memory corruption or even the execution of arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP POST request:

POST /boafrm/formIpv6Setup HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=malicious_payload

In this example, the `submit-url` argument is manipulated with a ‘malicious_payload’ that could lead to buffer overflow.

Recommendations

The best course of action is to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method. Regularly updating software and installing security patches promptly can protect systems from such vulnerabilities.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-6400, has been discovered in the TOTOLINK N300RH series routers. This vulnerability affects version 6.1c.1390_B20191101 of the product. The vulnerability is located in an unknown functionality of the file /boafrm/formPortFw of the HTTP POST Message Handler component. This vulnerability has the potential to compromise systems or lead to data leakage. Given the widespread use of TOTOLINK routers, this vulnerability could have a significant impact on organizations and individuals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6400
Severity: Critical-CVSS Severity Score 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK N300RH | 6.1c.1390_B20191101

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to improper handling of the ‘service_type’ argument in the HTTP POST Message Handler component. A remote attacker can send a specially crafted HTTP POST request with a malicious ‘service_type’ argument that exceeds the expected input length. This leads to a buffer overflow condition, which could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system or cause the application to crash, resulting in a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of the exploit:

POST /boafrm/formPortFw HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
service_type=AAAAAAAAAAAA... [long string of A's to overflow the buffer]

This request involves sending an HTTP POST request to the /boafrm/formPortFw endpoint with a ‘service_type’ parameter containing an artificially long string, which overflows the buffer.

Mitigation

Users of TOTOLINK N300RH version 6.1c.1390_B20191101 are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation strategy. Regularly update and patch your systems to prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in the TOTOLINK X15 1.0.0-B20230714.1105 router, which, if exploited, could lead to system compromise and potential data leakage. The vulnerability resides in an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formIPv6Addr, which is a part of the HTTP POST Request Handler component. Due to the lack of proper input validation, a malicious actor can manipulate the argument ‘submit-url’ leading to a buffer overflow condition. Given the high severity of this vulnerability, it is crucial for system administrators and users of the affected device to understand the threat and take the necessary mitigation steps.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6399
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK X15 | 1.0.0-B20230714.1105

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to inadequate input validation in the HTTP POST Request Handler component’s /boafrm/formIPv6Addr file. When a specially crafted POST request is sent with a manipulated ‘submit-url’ argument, it can cause a buffer overflow condition. This buffer overflow can potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code, leading to full system compromise or data leakage. The exploit can be triggered remotely and does not require any user interaction or privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request:

POST /boafrm/formIPv6Addr HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.totolink.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=<malicious_payload>

In this request, “ is the manipulated variable that triggers the buffer overflow condition. This payload could consist of a specially crafted string that exceeds the buffer limit, possibly containing malicious code intended to be executed upon successful exploitation.

Mitigation

Users of the affected TOTOLINK X15 router are strongly advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, users should consider deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Always ensure to follow good security practices, such as regularly updating systems and monitoring network traffic for suspicious activities.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-6393, has been discovered in several TOTOLINK networking products. These devices are commonly used in both home and professional settings to provide network connectivity. This makes the potential impact of this vulnerability severe, as successful exploitation could result in system compromise or data leakage. Cybersecurity professionals, network administrators, and individual users of these devices need to be aware of this threat and take appropriate measures to mitigate its risks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6393
Severity: Critical (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A702R | 3.0.0-B20230809.1615
TOTOLINK A3002R | 4.0.0-B20230531.1404
TOTOLINK A3002RU | 4.0.0-B20230721.1521
TOTOLINK EX1200T | 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formIPv6Addr of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. By manipulating the “submit-url” argument, an attacker can cause a buffer overflow. This type of vulnerability occurs when more data is written into a block of memory, or buffer, than it can hold. In this case, the excess data overflows into adjacent memory, potentially overwriting other data or causing the system to crash. Remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability without requiring any user interaction or privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an HTTP POST request exploiting the vulnerability might look:

POST /boafrm/formIPv6Addr HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=AAAAAAAAAAAA... // Long string of "A"s that causes buffer overflow

In the above example, the “submit-url” argument is filled with a long string of “A”s. This string is longer than what the buffer in the vulnerable function can handle, leading to a buffer overflow.
This example is purely conceptual and is provided to illustrate the nature of the exploit. It may not work in a real-world scenario, as actual exploitation would likely require a more complex payload and understanding of the system’s memory layout.

Mitigation

It is recommended that users of the affected products apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, reducing the risk of successful attacks.

Overview

The digital world is increasingly becoming a playground for cybercriminals, and with this comes the urgent need to shed light on potential system vulnerabilities. This blog post focuses on the critical vulnerability found in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01, identified as CVE-2025-6374. This issue affects the function formSetACLFilter of the file /goform/formSetACLFilter. It is a matter of significant concern due to its critical severity rating and the potential for remote initiation of an exploit, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6374
Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote (Network)
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the formSetACLFilter function of the file /goform/formSetACLFilter. The improper handling of the ‘curTime’ argument leads to a stack-based buffer overflow. This overflow can be manipulated remotely, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. The exploit has been disclosed publicly, increasing the risk of its usage by malicious actors.

Conceptual Example Code

The below pseudocode illustrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /goform/formSetACLFilter HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
curTime=AAAAAAAA... (a long string that triggers the stack-based buffer overflow)

In the above code, the ‘curTime’ parameter is given a long string of ‘A’s that could potentially overflow the stack buffer, leading to the execution of arbitrary code or crashing the system.

Mitigation Guidance

Due to the critical nature of this vulnerability, it is essential to take mitigation steps immediately. If a vendor patch is available, it should be applied without delay. If no patch is available, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. However, note that this vulnerability affects products that are no longer supported by the manufacturer, highlighting the importance of keeping software and devices up-to-date and maintained.