Overview
In the ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, a new vulnerability has surfaced that poses a significant threat to systems running the 1panel 2.0.8. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-56413, is a serious OS command injection issue. Particularly vulnerable are those systems that frequently use the OperateSSH function and interact with the /api/v2/hosts/ssh/operate endpoint. The severity of this vulnerability lies in the fact that it allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-56413
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage
Affected Products
Escape the Surveillance Era
Most apps won’t tell you the truth.
They’re part of the problem.
Phone numbers. Emails. Profiles. Logs.
It’s all fuel for surveillance.
Ameeba Chat gives you a way out.
- • No phone number
- • No email
- • No personal info
- • Anonymous aliases
- • End-to-end encrypted
Chat without a trace.
Product | Affected Versions
1panel | 2.0.8
How the Exploit Works
CVE-2025-56413 exploits a vulnerability in the OperateSSH function in 1panel 2.0.8. This function does not properly sanitize user input to the operation parameter of the /api/v2/hosts/ssh/operate endpoint. As a result, a malicious actor could inject arbitrary OS commands into this parameter. When the function processes this input, it unknowingly executes these commands with the privileges of the 1panel process, potentially leading to unauthorized system access or data leakage.
Conceptual Example Code
Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This HTTP request sends a malicious OS command (“malicious_command”) via the operation parameter to the vulnerable endpoint.
POST /api/v2/hosts/ssh/operate HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "operation": "malicious_command" }Mitigation
While the vendor is expected to release a patch to fix this vulnerability, users are advised to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. These tools can detect and prevent command injection attacks. Users should also regularly update their systems and ensure they follow safe coding practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities.
