Overview
The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-9748 poses a significant threat to systems utilizing the Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. The affected component is the httpd function fromIpsecitem situated in the file /goform/IPSECsave. This vulnerability can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow, thereby providing an attacker with the potential to compromise the system or leak data. This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the vulnerability, its implications, and the appropriate mitigation strategies.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-9748
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential for system compromise and data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Tenda CH22 | 1.0.0.1
How the Exploit Works
The exploit leverages a vulnerability in the fromIpsecitem function of the httpd component in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. By manipulating the argument ‘ipsecno’, an attacker can trigger a buffer overflow condition. This overflow occurs because the software writes more data to the buffer than it can hold. This additional data can overwrite adjacent memory locations, potentially leading to erratic software behavior, crashes, or, in worst-case scenarios, execution of arbitrary code by the attacker.
Conceptual Example Code
An attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint as shown below:
POST /goform/IPSECsave HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "ipsecno": "A"*1024 }In this conceptual example, the “ipsecno” argument is overloaded with a large number of “A” characters (1024 in this case), which might be enough to overflow the buffer and potentially inject malicious code into the system.
Mitigation
The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-released patch. If this is not immediately possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching software is a best practice in cybersecurity and can prevent many such vulnerabilities from being exploited.
