Overview
The world of cybersecurity is a constant battlefield. New vulnerabilities appear and get patched regularly, but one of the recent ones poses a significant threat. CVE-2025-47159, a newly found vulnerability, is a testament to this ongoing struggle. This vulnerability affects the Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave, a core component of the Windows operating system, and its ability to protect system integrity.
This vulnerability is particularly concerning because it allows an authorized attacker to elevate their privileges locally, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. For any organization or user leveraging Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave, understanding and mitigating this vulnerability should be a top priority.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-47159
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Windows 10 | 20H2, 21H1
Windows Server | 2019, 2022
How the Exploit Works
The vulnerability resides in the protection mechanism of Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave. An authorized attacker can manipulate this flaw to bypass the intended security boundaries. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker could elevate their privileges on the affected system, potentially gaining control over the system or leaking sensitive data. It’s important to note that the attack is local, which means the attacker must have initial access to the system to exploit this vulnerability.
Conceptual Example Code
The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
# This is a conceptual example and may not represent actual exploit code
# Get a handle to the VBS Enclave
$vbsEnclaveHandle = Get-Handle -Process "VBS Enclave"
# Craft malicious payload
$maliciousPayload = New-Payload -ElevatePrivilege
# Use the handle to inject the malicious payload into the VBS Enclave
Inject-Payload -Handle $vbsEnclaveHandle -Payload $maliciousPayloadIn this example, the attacker is using a hypothetical PowerShell script to first get a handle to the VBS Enclave process, crafting a malicious payload designed to elevate privileges, and then injecting this payload into the VBS Enclave using the obtained handle.
Please note that this is a simplified and conceptual representation of an exploit and may not represent the full complexity involved in a real-world attack scenario. However, it illustrates the potential severity of this vulnerability and it underlines the importance of applying the recommended mitigations promptly.