Overview
CVE-2025-50059 represents a significant security vulnerability found in Oracle Java SE and Oracle GraalVM. This vulnerability, if exploited, could allow an unauthenticated attacker with network access to gain unauthorized access to critical data, effectively compromising the system’s integrity. The vulnerability impacts various versions of Oracle’s software products, making it a widespread concern for organizations across different sectors. Given the severity of the vulnerability, its understanding and mitigation are of paramount importance in securing systems from potential breaches.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-50059
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score 8.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data.
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Oracle Java SE | 8u451-perf, 11.0.27, 17.0.15, 21.0.7, 24.0.1
Oracle GraalVM for JDK | 17.0.15, 21.0.7, 24.0.1
Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition | 21.3.14
How the Exploit Works
This vulnerability exploits a weakness in the Networking component of the affected products. The vulnerability can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker with network access through multiple protocols. The attacker can compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, and Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it allows an attacker to access critical data or all accessible data from the compromised products.
Conceptual Example Code
Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Note that this is a simplified example and real-world attacks can considerably be more complex.
GET /vulnerable/data HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
User-Agent: MaliciousAgent/1.0
{
"exploit_code": "..."
}In this example, the attacker sends a malicious HTTP GET request to a vulnerable server, using a custom User-Agent header and a crafted payload that exploits the vulnerability, thereby gaining unauthorized access to the server’s data.
Mitigation Guidance
Oracle has already released patches for this vulnerability. All users running the affected versions are advised to update as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. Additionally, consider enhancing security measures by limiting network access to only trusted sources and routinely monitoring system logs for any suspicious activities.