CVE-2025-46739: Unauthenticated Brute-Force Attack Leads to Account Compromise

Overview

The vulnerability with ID CVE-2025-46739 is a serious security flaw that allows an unauthenticated user to retrieve account credentials via a brute-force attack without any rate limiting. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous due to its high severity score of 8.1, pointing to the potential for severe damage if exploited. Affected systems and users risk system compromise and data leakage, making it a high-priority issue that demands immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46739
Severity: High (8.1 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage if successfully exploited

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Product 1] | [Version 1]
[Product 2] | [Version 2]

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by allowing an unauthenticated user to perform a brute-force attack on account credentials. Without any rate limiting in place, the attacker can send a high volume of requests in a short amount of time. This allows the attacker to try a wide range of combinations until they find the correct credentials. Once the attacker has obtained these credentials, they can potentially compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that the attacker could use:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": "1234" }

In this example, the attacker is trying to log in as the ‘admin’ user with a simple password ‘1234’. Without rate limiting in place, the attacker can quickly change these values to try different combinations. This is a simplistic example; in reality, the attacker would likely use a more complex algorithm to generate potential usernames and passwords.

Recommendations for Mitigation

The recommended solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. This patch should address the vulnerability, preventing an attacker from exploiting it.
If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a temporary mitigation could be the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can help detect and block suspicious activities such as multiple login attempts from the same IP address.
However, they do not provide a complete solution, as they do not directly address the flaw in the system. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to fully secure the system against this vulnerability.