{"id":64213,"date":"2025-08-21T10:13:33","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T10:13:33","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-01T12:50:43","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T18:50:43","slug":"cve-2025-27845-critical-vulnerability-exposes-jwt-secret-resulting-in-elevated-permissions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-27845-critical-vulnerability-exposes-jwt-secret-resulting-in-elevated-permissions\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2025-27845: Critical Vulnerability Exposes JWT Secret Resulting in Elevated Permissions<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE-2025-27845 is a critical security vulnerability that affects ESPEC North America Web Controller 3 versions before 3.3.4. The vulnerability stems from an invalid authentication request to the \/api\/v4\/auth\/ endpoint, which leads to the exposure of a JSON Web Token (JWT) secret. This flaw can grant <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-43199-a-high-risk-permissions-issue-enabling-root-privileges-via-malicious-apps\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"80985\">malicious actors elevated permissions<\/a> to the user interface of the affected system. Given the ubiquity of the ESPEC North America Web Controller in numerous industries, this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-30327-integer-overflow-vulnerability-in-incopy-leading-to-potential-arbitrary-code-execution\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"73687\">vulnerability has the potential<\/a> to affect a broad range of systems, potentially leading to significant data leakage or even full system compromise.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2025-27845<br \/>\nSeverity: Critical, CVSS score of 9.8<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: None<br \/>\nUser Interaction: None<br \/>\nImpact: Exposure of sensitive information, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-40741-stack-based-overflow-vulnerability-in-solid-edge-se2025-leading-to-potential-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"75773\">potential system<\/a> compromise<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-2609847265\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 700px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 8px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 40px; height: 40px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    A new way to communicate\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\">\r\n    Ameeba Chat is built on encrypted identity, not personal profiles.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 16px;\">\r\n    Message, call, share files, and coordinate with identities kept separate.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\r\n    <li>\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Ameeba Chat authenticates access<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Aliases and categories<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, and files<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Secure notes for sensitive information<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\r\n    Private communication, rethought.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Download Ameeba Chat<\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Learn More<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p>ESPEC North America <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-8284-unauthenticated-access-and-control-in-packet-power-monitoring-and-control-web-interface\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"81652\">Web Controller<\/a> | Versions before 3.3.4<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The exploit hinges on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-2413-bypassing-authentication-in-akinsoft-prokuafor-due-to-improper-restriction-of-excessive-authentication-attempts\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"85792\">improper handling of invalid authentication<\/a> requests in the \/api\/v4\/auth\/ endpoint of the ESPEC North America Web Controller. A malformed or invalid request, instead of being rejected or ignored, triggers the exposure of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-41702-critical-jwt-secret-key-vulnerability-in-egos-webgui\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"89253\">JWT secret<\/a>. This secret can then be used by an attacker to gain elevated permissions to the user interface, potentially leading to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-53495-unauthorized-access-data-leakage-in-wikimedia-foundation-mediawiki-abusefilter-extension\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"72579\">unauthorized access to sensitive data<\/a> or control over the system itself.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1424904207\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a conceptual example of how the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-52797-critical-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability-in-josepsitjar-storymap\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"79355\">vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:<\/a><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">POST \/api\/v4\/auth\/ HTTP\/1.1\nHost: target.example.com\nContent-Type: application\/json\n{ &quot;username&quot;: &quot;invalid&quot;, &quot;password&quot;: &quot;invalid&quot; }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In this example, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-9408-server-side-request-forgery-attack-in-eclipse-glassfish\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"77394\">attacker sends an invalid authentication request<\/a> to the \/api\/v4\/auth\/ endpoint. The application responds by unintentionally exposing the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-51606-critical-security-vulnerability-in-hippo4j-due-to-hard-coded-jwt-secret-key\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"89734\">JWT secret<\/a>, which can then be used to gain elevated permissions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch, which corrects the improper handling of invalid authentication requests. If a patch cannot be immediately applied, temporary mitigation can be achieved through the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) configured to detect and block invalid <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-1740-excessive-authentication-attempts-vulnerability-in-akinsoft-myrezzta\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"86762\">authentication attempts<\/a> to the \/api\/v4\/auth\/ endpoint.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview CVE-2025-27845 is a critical security vulnerability that affects ESPEC North America Web Controller 3 versions before 3.3.4. The vulnerability stems from an invalid authentication request to the \/api\/v4\/auth\/ endpoint, which leads to the exposure of a JSON Web Token (JWT) secret. This flaw can grant malicious actors elevated permissions to the user interface of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-64213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64213"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82583,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64213\/revisions\/82583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64213"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=64213"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=64213"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=64213"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=64213"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=64213"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=64213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}