{"id":55936,"date":"2025-06-29T17:32:34","date_gmt":"2025-06-29T17:32:34","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-09-09T02:17:40","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T08:17:40","slug":"cve-2025-48466-remote-manipulation-of-digital-outputs-via-modbus-tcp-packets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-48466-remote-manipulation-of-digital-outputs-via-modbus-tcp-packets\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2025-48466: Remote Manipulation of Digital Outputs via Modbus TCP Packets<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE-2025-48466 is a severe cybersecurity vulnerability that, if exploited, could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to manipulate Digital Outputs within systems. This is achieved through the sending of Modbus TCP packets which, in turn, permits the remote control of relay channels. This vulnerability presents an alarming risk to operational and safety protocols, as it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-49415-path-traversal-vulnerability-in-fw-gallery-with-potential-for-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"62556\">potentially opens the door to system<\/a> compromise or data leakage. It is essential for organizations that utilize systems susceptible to this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-4981-critical-file-extraction-vulnerability-in-mattermost-leading-to-potential-remote-code-execution\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"63097\">vulnerability to understand the nature of the potential<\/a> attack and to apply the correct mitigation measures.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2025-48466<br \/>\nSeverity: High (CVSS: 8.1)<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: None<br \/>\nUser Interaction: None<br \/>\nImpact: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2023-20599-unauthorized-access-to-crypto-co-processor-registers-in-asp-leading-to-potential-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"64251\">Potential system<\/a> compromise or data leakage<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-2685754259\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 700px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 8px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 40px; height: 40px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    A new way to communicate\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\">\r\n    Ameeba Chat is built on encrypted identity, not personal profiles.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 16px;\">\r\n    Message, call, share files, and coordinate with identities kept separate.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\r\n    <li>\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Ameeba Chat authenticates access<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Aliases and categories<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, and files<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Secure notes for sensitive information<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\r\n    Private communication, rethought.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Download Ameeba Chat<\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Learn More<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p>[Product A] | [Version 1.0, 1.1, 1.2]<br \/>\n[Product B] | [Version 2.0, 2.1, 2.2]<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The exploit works by an attacker sending Modbus <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-40458-escalation-of-privileges-via-tcp-packet-manipulation-in-ocuco-innovation-tracking-exe\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"80966\">TCP packets to manipulate<\/a> Digital Outputs in the targeted system. These packets can alter the state of the Digital Outputs, which in turn can control relay channels. An attacker could potentially <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-43586-adobe-commerce-improper-access-control-vulnerability-leading-to-privilege-escalation\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"63154\">control these channels to a degree that may lead<\/a> to operational or safety risks. Given that this attack does not require authentication or any user interaction, it is particularly dangerous and can be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-49220-pre-authentication-remote-code-execution-in-trend-micro-apex-central\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"62555\">executed remotely<\/a> over a network.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1532131604\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example is a pseudocode representation of sending a malicious Modbus TCP packet:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">import modbus_tcp\n# Create a new Modbus TCP packet\npacket = modbus_tcp.ModbusPacket()\n# Set the Modbus function code to write to a single coil\npacket.function_code = modbus_tcp.FunctionCode.WRITE_SINGLE_COIL\n# Set the coil address and value to manipulate the Digital Output\npacket.coil_address = 0x0001\npacket.coil_value = 0xFF00\n# Send the packet to the target system\nmodbus_tcp.send_packet(&quot;target.example.com&quot;, packet)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Please note, the above example is purely conceptual and does not represent a real-world exploit. It&#8217;s purpose is to demonstrate the nature of the vulnerability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview CVE-2025-48466 is a severe cybersecurity vulnerability that, if exploited, could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to manipulate Digital Outputs within systems. This is achieved through the sending of Modbus TCP packets which, in turn, permits the remote control of relay channels. This vulnerability presents an alarming risk to operational and safety protocols, as it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-55936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55936"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":73383,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55936\/revisions\/73383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55936"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=55936"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=55936"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=55936"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=55936"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=55936"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=55936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}