{"id":48992,"date":"2025-06-04T21:19:05","date_gmt":"2025-06-04T21:19:05","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-15T16:37:13","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T22:37:13","slug":"cve-2023-41591-critical-man-in-the-middle-vulnerability-in-open-network-foundation-onos-v2-7-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2023-41591-critical-man-in-the-middle-vulnerability-in-open-network-foundation-onos-v2-7-0\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2023-41591: Critical Man-in-the-Middle Vulnerability in Open Network Foundation ONOS v2.7.0<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In today\u2019s cybersecurity landscape, the threat of sophisticated network attacks looms large. One such vulnerability, CVE-2023-41591, has been identified in the Open Network Foundation ONOS v2.7.0. This severe security flaw allows malicious actors to execute a man-in-the-middle attack, creating fake IP\/MAC addresses and potentially <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-41651-critical-system-compromise-due-to-missing-authentication\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"56054\">compromising system<\/a> integrity or leading to substantial data leakage. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-32289-high-severity-php-remote-file-inclusion-vulnerability-in-apustheme-yozi\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"56053\">vulnerability is especially concerning due to the high CVSS severity<\/a> score and the potential impact on any organization utilizing the affected software.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2023-41591<br \/>\nSeverity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Local Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: None<br \/>\nUser Interaction: None<br \/>\nImpact: Potential <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2023-42977-path-handling-vulnerability-that-risks-data-leakage-and-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"56964\">system compromise and data leakage<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-2621645454\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 720px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center; letter-spacing: -0.02em;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 10px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 42px; height: 42px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    Share secrets securely\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; color: #d1d5db;\">\r\n    Ameeba is private infrastructure for communication and sensitive work built on encrypted identity instead of exposed corporate identity systems.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 18px; color: #a1a1aa;\">\r\n    Passwords, credentials, confidential files, screenshots, internal discussions, sensitive AI context, and private coordination should not become exposed across ordinary communication platforms.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 24px; color: #e4e4e7;\">\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Private Spaces for organizations and teams<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, files, and notes<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Sensitive AI work and protected collaboration<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Built for information that cannot leak<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px; color: #ffffff;\">\r\n    Our mission is to secure human work alongside AI.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 8px; font-weight: 500;\">\r\n      Download Ameeba\r\n    <\/a>\r\n\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 8px; font-weight: 500;\">\r\n      Learn More\r\n    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p>Open Network Foundation ONOS | v2.7.0<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The vulnerability exploits a flaw in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-47461-authentication-bypass-vulnerability-in-mediaticus-subaccounts-for-woocommerce\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"54962\">ONOS<\/a> v2.7.0 software that fails to properly validate and authenticate the IP\/MAC addresses. This allows an attacker to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-44963-ruckus-network-director-rnd-spoofing-vulnerability\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"73881\">spoof fake IP\/MAC addresses and insert them into the network<\/a>. With this, they can impersonate legitimate network hosts and intercept, alter, or control the communication between real hosts, effectively executing a man-in-the-middle attack. The flaw, therefore, provides a dangerous foothold for attackers to manipulate the network communication, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-31263-critical-memory-handling-vulnerability-could-lead-to-system-compromise-or-data-leakage-in-macos-sequoia-15-4\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"57005\">leading to system compromise or significant data leakage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1521553330\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>While the specific exploit code is not publicly available, the concept of the attack can be explained. An <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-3090-unauthenticated-remote-attack-leading-to-potential-data-leakage-and-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"73882\">attacker could potentially<\/a> use a tool such as Scapy to generate and send packets with spoofed IP\/MAC addresses, as represented in the pseudocode below:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">from scapy.all import *\n# Create a fake Ethernet frame with a spoofed source MAC address\nethernet_frame = Ether(src=&quot;00:00:00:00:00:00&quot;, dst=&quot;00:00:00:00:00:00&quot;)\n# Create a fake IP packet with a spoofed source IP address\nip_packet = IP(src=&quot;0.0.0.0&quot;, dst=&quot;0.0.0.0&quot;)\n# Combine the Ethernet frame and IP packet and send it on the network\nsendp(ethernet_frame\/ip_packet)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In the above code, an attacker would replace the zeroes with valid, but spoofed, MAC and IP addresses to make the attack appear as a valid <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-12913-sql-injection-vulnerability-in-megatek-communication-system-azora-wireless-network-management\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"89980\">network communication<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Preventive Measures and Mitigation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To mitigate the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-21453-critical-memory-corruption-vulnerability-impacting-multiple-systems\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"58951\">impact of this vulnerability<\/a>, it is highly recommended to apply the vendor&#8217;s patch once it is available. In the interim, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-31100-unrestricted-file-upload-leads-to-web-shell-deployment-in-mojoomla-school-management\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"84742\">deploying a Web<\/a> Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation by monitoring for and blocking any suspicious network activity. Furthermore, strict network segmentation and MAC address filtering can also prevent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-39350-unauthorized-access-vulnerability-in-rocket-apps-wproject\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"55639\">unauthorized access<\/a> to the network, thereby limiting the potential for this exploit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview In today\u2019s cybersecurity landscape, the threat of sophisticated network attacks looms large. One such vulnerability, CVE-2023-41591, has been identified in the Open Network Foundation ONOS v2.7.0. This severe security flaw allows malicious actors to execute a man-in-the-middle attack, creating fake IP\/MAC addresses and potentially compromising system integrity or leading to substantial data leakage. This [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-48992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48992"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82857,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48992\/revisions\/82857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48992"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=48992"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=48992"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=48992"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=48992"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=48992"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=48992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}