{"id":45439,"date":"2025-05-29T17:18:37","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T17:18:37","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-07-05T17:20:23","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T23:20:23","slug":"cve-2025-5099-out-of-bounds-write-vulnerability-in-pdf-rendering-library","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-5099-out-of-bounds-write-vulnerability-in-pdf-rendering-library\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2025-5099: Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability in PDF Rendering Library<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cybersecurity vulnerabilities can be found in various unexpected places, one of which is the process of rendering PDFs. This blog post will delve into the details of a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-5099, that has been discovered in the native library responsible for PDF rendering. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-4389-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability-in-wordpress-crawlomatic-multipage-scraper-post-generator-plugin\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"51095\">vulnerability can potentially allow an attacker to perform arbitrary<\/a> code execution, leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the ubiquitous use of PDFs in both personal and professional settings, this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-48340-critical-csrf-vulnerability-in-danny-vink-user-profile-meta-manager-allows-privilege-escalation\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"52897\">vulnerability affects a wide range of users<\/a> and is of significant concern.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2025-5099<br \/>\nSeverity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: None<br \/>\nUser Interaction: Required<br \/>\nImpact: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-4759-incorrect-behavior-order-in-lockfile-lint-api-package-potentially-leading-to-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"51171\">Potential system<\/a> compromise and data leakage<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-387328823\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 700px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 8px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 40px; height: 40px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    A new way to communicate\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\">\r\n    Ameeba Chat is built on encrypted identity, not personal profiles.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 16px;\">\r\n    Message, call, share files, and coordinate with identities kept separate.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\r\n    <li>\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Ameeba Chat authenticates access<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Aliases and categories<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, and files<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Secure notes for sensitive information<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\r\n    Private communication, rethought.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Download Ameeba Chat<\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Learn More<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p>Native PDF Rendering Library | All <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-48865-manipulation-of-x-forwarded-headers-in-fabio-prior-to-version-1-6-6\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"58307\">versions prior<\/a> to 2.0.1<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-4919-critical-out-of-bounds-vulnerability-in-firefox-and-thunderbird\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"50779\">vulnerability arises due to an out-of-bounds<\/a> write error that occurs when the native library attempts PDF rendering. An attacker can exploit this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-24189-memory-corruption-vulnerability-due-to-maliciously-crafted-web-content-in-various-operating-systems\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"51743\">vulnerability by crafting<\/a> a specially designed PDF document that, when rendered, would cause the system to write data past the end of an allocated data structure. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-52880-critical-vulnerability-in-insyde-insydeh2o-kernels-potentially-leading-to-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"51435\">leads to memory corruption and potentially<\/a> allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1709358255\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Below is a<br \/>\n<strong>conceptual<\/strong><br \/>\n example of how an attacker might construct a malicious PDF <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-3812-critical-arbitrary-file-deletion-vulnerability-in-wpbot-pro-wordpress-chatbot-plugin\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"51202\">file to exploit this vulnerability<\/a>. Note that this is a simplified representation and an actual attack would require a deeper understanding of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-1277-memory-corruption-vulnerability-in-autodesk-applications-through-malicious-pdf-files\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"57131\">PDF structure and the specific vulnerable<\/a> library.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">import PyPDF2\n# Create a new PDF file\npdf = PyPDF2.PdfFileWriter()\n# Add a specially crafted malicious payload\npdf.addPage({&quot;malicious_payload&quot;: &quot;Overflow data beyond allocated memory space&quot;})\n# Save the malicious PDF\nwith open(&quot;malicious.pdf&quot;, &quot;wb&quot;) as file:\npdf.write(file)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In this example, the `malicious_payload` is designed to overflow the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-31263-critical-memory-handling-vulnerability-could-lead-to-system-compromise-or-data-leakage-in-macos-sequoia-15-4\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"57132\">data beyond the memory<\/a> allocated by the PDF rendering library, which can lead to memory corruption.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prevention and Mitigation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The most effective way to mitigate this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-50213-special-element-injection-vulnerability-in-apache-airflow-providers-snowflake\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"64028\">vulnerability is by applying a patch provided<\/a> by the vendor. If a patch is not immediately available or cannot be applied in a timely manner, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-5485-a-critical-vulnerability-pertaining-to-user-name-enumeration-in-web-management-interfaces\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"64029\">users can use a Web<\/a> Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy. These tools can help to identify and block <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-22190-critical-gitpython-vulnerability-exposes-windows-systems-to-potential-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"51365\">potentially malicious PDF files that try to exploit this vulnerability<\/a>. In the long term, however, upgrading to a patched version of the library is highly recommended as it provides a permanent solution.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview Cybersecurity vulnerabilities can be found in various unexpected places, one of which is the process of rendering PDFs. This blog post will delve into the details of a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-5099, that has been discovered in the native library responsible for PDF rendering. This vulnerability can potentially allow an attacker to perform arbitrary code [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[86,80],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-45439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","attack_vector-buffer-overflow","attack_vector-rce"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45439"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57569,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45439\/revisions\/57569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45439"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=45439"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=45439"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=45439"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=45439"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=45439"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=45439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}