{"id":43335,"date":"2025-05-23T19:21:26","date_gmt":"2025-05-23T19:21:26","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-09-16T07:09:18","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T13:09:18","slug":"cve-2025-48187-ragflow-account-takeover-due-to-brute-force-attack-vulnerability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-48187-ragflow-account-takeover-due-to-brute-force-attack-vulnerability\/","title":{"rendered":"CVE-2025-48187: RAGFlow Account Takeover Due to Brute-Force Attack Vulnerability<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical flaw, CVE-2025-48187, that allows potential attackers to take over user accounts on systems using RAGFlow up to version 0.18.1. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it enables attackers to initiate brute-force attacks against email verification codes without any rate limiting, thereby facilitating unauthorized account registration, login, and password reset. Given the widespread use of RAGFlow, this vulnerability puts a vast number of systems<\/a> and sensitive data at risk.<\/p>\n

Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48187
\nSeverity: Critical (9.1 CVSS score)
\nAttack Vector: Network
\nPrivileges Required: None
\nUser Interaction: None
\nImpact: Account takeover, potential system compromise<\/a>, and data leakage<\/p>\n

Affected Products<\/strong><\/p>\n

Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n

RAGFlow | 0.18.1 and below<\/p>\n

How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n

The exploit takes advantage of a key vulnerability in the email verification process<\/a> of RAGFlow. Specifically, the system generates six-digit codes<\/a> for account registration, login, and password reset actions. An attacker can conduct successful brute-force attacks against these codes, as there is no rate limiting in place to limit the number of attempts that can be made. This lack of rate limiting allows attackers<\/a> to attempt all possible six-digit combinations until they find the correct code, facilitating unauthorized access to user accounts.<\/p>\n

Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p>\n

The following pseudocode provides a conceptual example of how an attacker<\/a> might exploit this vulnerability:<\/p>\n

for attempt in range(1000000):  # A six-digit code has one million possibilities\nverification_code = str(attempt).zfill(6)  # Pad with leading zeros\nresponse = requests.post(\n'https:\/\/target.example.com\/verify',\ndata={'verification_code': verification_code},\n)\nif response.status_code == 200:\nprint(f'Success! The verification code is {verification_code}.')\nbreak<\/code><\/pre>\n
In this example, the attacker iteratively generates and sends verification codes from 000000 to 999999 to the verification endpoint<\/a> until they receive a successful response.<\/p>\n
Mitigation Guidance<\/strong><\/p>\n
Users of RAGFlow are strongly advised to update to the latest<\/a> version of the software, which contains a patch addressing this vulnerability. In situations where immediate patching is not feasible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These systems can be configured<\/a> to detect and block abnormal amounts of verification attempts, thereby preventing successful brute-force attacks. However, these measures are not a substitute for patching the underlying vulnerability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Overview The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical flaw, CVE-2025-48187, that allows potential attackers to take over user accounts on systems using RAGFlow up to version 0.18.1. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it enables attackers to initiate brute-force attacks against email verification codes without any rate limiting, thereby facilitating […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-43335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t