{"id":43335,"date":"2025-05-23T19:21:26","date_gmt":"2025-05-23T19:21:26","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-09-16T07:09:18","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T13:09:18","slug":"cve-2025-48187-ragflow-account-takeover-due-to-brute-force-attack-vulnerability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-48187-ragflow-account-takeover-due-to-brute-force-attack-vulnerability\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2025-48187: RAGFlow Account Takeover Due to Brute-Force Attack Vulnerability<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical flaw, CVE-2025-48187, that allows potential attackers to take over user accounts on systems using RAGFlow up to version 0.18.1. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it enables attackers to initiate brute-force attacks against email verification codes without any rate limiting, thereby facilitating unauthorized account registration, login, and password reset. Given the widespread use of RAGFlow, this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-27891-samsung-mobile-and-wearable-processors-vulnerability-leads-to-potential-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"49366\">vulnerability puts a vast number of systems<\/a> and sensitive data at risk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2025-48187<br \/>\nSeverity: Critical (9.1 CVSS score)<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: None<br \/>\nUser Interaction: None<br \/>\nImpact: Account takeover, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-39401-unrestricted-file-upload-leading-to-potential-system-compromise-in-mojoomla-wpams\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"52086\">potential system compromise<\/a>, and data leakage<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-569032973\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 700px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 8px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 40px; height: 40px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    A new way to communicate\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\">\r\n    Ameeba Chat is built on encrypted identity, not personal profiles.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 16px;\">\r\n    Message, call, share files, and coordinate with identities kept separate.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\r\n    <li>\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Ameeba Chat authenticates access<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Aliases and categories<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, and files<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Secure notes for sensitive information<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\r\n    Private communication, rethought.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Download Ameeba Chat<\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Learn More<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p>RAGFlow | 0.18.1 and below<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The exploit takes advantage of a key <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-4992-stored-cross-site-scripting-vulnerability-in-3dexperience-service-process-engineer\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"57360\">vulnerability in the email verification process<\/a> of RAGFlow. Specifically, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-51360-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-hospital-management-system-in-php-v4-0\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"56894\">system generates six-digit codes<\/a> for account registration, login, and password reset actions. An attacker can conduct successful brute-force attacks against these codes, as there is no rate limiting in place to limit the number of attempts that can be made. This lack of rate limiting allows <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-43560-improper-input-validation-vulnerability-in-coldfusion-allowing-arbitrary-code-execution\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"49365\">attackers<\/a> to attempt all possible six-digit combinations until they find the correct code, facilitating unauthorized access to user accounts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1412431935\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>The following pseudocode provides a conceptual example of how an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-47884-jenkins-openid-connect-provider-plugin-vulnerability-leading-to-unauthorized-access\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"50542\">attacker<\/a> might exploit this vulnerability:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">for attempt in range(1000000):  # A six-digit code has one million possibilities\nverification_code = str(attempt).zfill(6)  # Pad with leading zeros\nresponse = requests.post(\n&#039;https:\/\/target.example.com\/verify&#039;,\ndata={&#039;verification_code&#039;: verification_code},\n)\nif response.status_code == 200:\nprint(f&#039;Success! The verification code is {verification_code}.&#039;)\nbreak<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In this example, the attacker iteratively generates and sends verification <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-13861-code-injection-vulnerability-in-debian-package-component-of-taegis-endpoint-agent\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"56893\">codes from 000000 to 999999 to the verification endpoint<\/a> until they receive a successful response.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigation Guidance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Users of RAGFlow are strongly advised to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/unpacking-politico-s-weekly-cybersecurity-update-a-deep-dive-into-the-latest-threat-landscape\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"50541\">update to the latest<\/a> version of the software, which contains a patch addressing this vulnerability. In situations where immediate patching is not feasible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2022-43110-critical-unauthenticated-remote-system-configuration-vulnerability-in-voltronic-power-viewpower-powershield-netguard\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"83175\">systems can be configured<\/a> to detect and block abnormal amounts of verification attempts, thereby preventing successful brute-force attacks. However, these measures are not a substitute for patching the underlying vulnerability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a critical flaw, CVE-2025-48187, that allows potential attackers to take over user accounts on systems using RAGFlow up to version 0.18.1. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it enables attackers to initiate brute-force attacks against email verification codes without any rate limiting, thereby facilitating [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-43335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43335"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":75712,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43335\/revisions\/75712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43335"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=43335"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=43335"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=43335"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=43335"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=43335"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=43335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}