{"id":37010,"date":"2025-05-10T19:05:58","date_gmt":"2025-05-10T19:05:58","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-09-03T04:05:58","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T10:05:58","slug":"cve-2023-37578-use-after-free-vulnerabilities-in-gtkwave-3-3-115-leading-to-arbitrary-code-execution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2023-37578-use-after-free-vulnerabilities-in-gtkwave-3-3-115-leading-to-arbitrary-code-execution\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2023-37578: Use-After-Free Vulnerabilities in GTKWave 3.3.115 Leading to Arbitrary Code Execution<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We are delving into the details of a serious vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-37578. This vulnerability is present in the popular waveform viewer and simulator, GTKWave, specifically version 3.3.115. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-1290-high-severity-race-condition-use-after-free-vulnerability-in-kernel-5-4-on-chromeos\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"41761\">vulnerability arises from multiple use-after-free conditions<\/a> within the VCD get_vartoken realloc functionality. Its severity is underscored by the potential for arbitrary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-32444-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-vllm-integration-with-mooncake\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"41861\">code execution<\/a>, which could lead to system compromise and data leakage. Victims are at risk if they open a specially crafted, malicious .vcd file. As such, users of GTKWave, especially those dealing with untrusted .vcd files, should be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/enhancing-cybersecurity-integrating-human-risk-management-with-security-awareness-training\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"68581\">aware of and take immediate steps to mitigate this risk<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2023-37578<br \/>\nSeverity: High (CVSS: 7.8)<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Local<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: User<br \/>\nUser Interaction: Required<br \/>\nImpact: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2023-35995-gtkwave-array-index-validation-vulnerability-leading-to-arbitrary-code-execution\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"42000\">Arbitrary code<\/a> execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1077713668\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 700px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 8px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 40px; height: 40px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    A new way to communicate\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\">\r\n    Ameeba Chat is built on encrypted identity, not personal profiles.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 16px;\">\r\n    Message, call, share files, and coordinate with identities kept separate.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\r\n    <li>\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Ameeba Chat authenticates access<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Aliases and categories<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, and files<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Secure notes for sensitive information<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\r\n    Private communication, rethought.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Download Ameeba Chat<\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Learn More<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p>GTKWave | 3.3.115<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2023-35703-stack-based-buffer-overflow-vulnerability-in-gtkwave-3-3-115\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"41719\">vulnerability lies in the VCD get_vartoken realloc functionality of GTKWave<\/a>. In this context, realloc is used to adjust the size of a block of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-46713-buffer-overflow-vulnerability-in-sandboxie-s-memory-allocation-subsystem\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"68579\">memory that was previously allocated<\/a>. The issue stems from a use-after-free condition, which occurs when a program continues to use a pointer after it has been freed.<br \/>\nA malicious actor can exploit this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-43951-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability-in-labvantage-prior-to-lv-8-8-0-13-hf6\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"41742\">vulnerability by creating a specially crafted .vcd file<\/a>. When this file is opened in GTKWave, specifically during the vcd2lxt conversion process, the use-after-free condition can be triggered, allowing for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2023-35996-arbitrary-code-execution-vulnerability-in-gtkwave-3-3-115\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"42040\">arbitrary code execution<\/a>. This can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-32974-critical-vulnerability-in-xwiki-s-rights-analysis-leading-to-potential-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"42248\">potentially compromise the system<\/a> and result in data leakage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-2696208013\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>While the exact <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-1411-exploitation-of-unnecessary-privileges-in-ibm-security-verify-directory-container\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"78139\">exploit code is not provided for ethical and security<\/a> reasons, the conceptual example below illustrates the process an attacker may follow:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">#1. Craft a malicious .vcd file\necho &quot;malicious_code&quot; &gt; malicious.vcd\n#2. Send or make the malicious .vcd file available to the victim\n#3. The victim opens the malicious .vcd file with GTKWave 3.3.115\nGTKWave -vcd malicious.vcd\n#4. The use-after-free vulnerability is triggered, executing the malicious code<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>It&#8217;s important to note that this is a simplified example and actual <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-24274-input-validation-issue-exploitable-via-malicious-app-on-macos\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"68580\">exploitation would involve a more complex and specifically crafted malicious<\/a> .vcd file.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview We are delving into the details of a serious vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-37578. This vulnerability is present in the popular waveform viewer and simulator, GTKWave, specifically version 3.3.115. This vulnerability arises from multiple use-after-free conditions within the VCD get_vartoken realloc functionality. Its severity is underscored by the potential for arbitrary code execution, which could [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[80],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-37010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","attack_vector-rce"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37010"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70511,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37010\/revisions\/70511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37010"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=37010"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=37010"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=37010"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=37010"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=37010"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=37010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}