{"id":33268,"date":"2025-04-28T23:51:55","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T23:51:55","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-09-29T02:50:24","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T08:50:24","slug":"cve-2025-28038-critical-pre-auth-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-totolink-ex1200t","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28038-critical-pre-auth-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-totolink-ex1200t\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2025-28038: Critical Pre-Auth Remote Command Execution Vulnerability in TOTOLINK EX1200T<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The CVE-2025-28038 vulnerability is a significant cybersecurity concern, primarily affecting users of the TOTOLINK EX1200T router. This vulnerability lies within the setWebWlanIdx function and allows for pre-auth remote command execution through the webWlanIdx parameter. Given its nature, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-3200-unauthenticated-remote-attacker-exploiting-insecure-tls-protocols\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"40767\">attackers can exploit<\/a> this weakness without any prior authentication, making it a significant threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-29287-high-severity-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability-in-mcms-v5-4-3\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"37753\">severity of this vulnerability<\/a> is underscored by its CVSS score of 9.8, indicating that it poses a severe risk to affected systems.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2025-28038<br \/>\nSeverity: Critical, CVSS score 9.8<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: None<br \/>\nUser Interaction: None<br \/>\nImpact: Unauthorized remote command execution <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28197-ssrf-vulnerability-in-crawl4ai-leading-to-potential-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"37941\">leading to system<\/a> compromise or data leakage<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-3680866888\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 700px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 8px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 40px; height: 40px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    A new way to communicate\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\">\r\n    Ameeba Chat is built on encrypted identity, not personal profiles.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 16px;\">\r\n    Message, call, share files, and coordinate with identities kept separate.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\r\n    <li>\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Ameeba Chat authenticates access<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Aliases and categories<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, and files<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Secure notes for sensitive information<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\r\n    Private communication, rethought.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Download Ameeba Chat<\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Learn More<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-5600-critical-vulnerability-in-totolink-ex1200t-opens-gateway-to-remote-attacks\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"59066\">TOTOLINK EX1200T<\/a> | V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28034-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-totolink-wireless-routers\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"39446\">vulnerability resides in the setWebWlanIdx function in the TOTOLINK<\/a> EX1200T router. This function allows an attacker to leverage the webWlanIdx parameter to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-53303-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-lrqa-nettitude-poshc2\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"38061\">execute pre-authentication remote<\/a> commands. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the vulnerable router, resulting in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-29659-critical-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-yi-iot-xy-3820\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"38175\">execution of arbitrary commands<\/a> with root privileges.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-3401526212\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Here is a<br \/>\n<strong>conceptual<\/strong><br \/>\n example of how the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-47154-exploitation-of-use-after-free-vulnerability-in-libjs-in-ladybird\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"50948\">vulnerability might be exploited<\/a>:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">POST \/cgi-bin\/setWebWlanIdx HTTP\/1.1\nHost: target_router_ip\nContent-Type: application\/x-www-form-urlencoded\nwebWlanIdx=`malicious_command`<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In this conceptual example, the `malicious_command` is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-21821-arbitrary-os-command-execution-vulnerability-in-multiple-tp-link-products\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"41102\">arbitrary command<\/a> that the attacker wishes to run on the router. The exploit works by sending this specially crafted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-4827-critical-buffer-overflow-vulnerability-in-totolink-http-post-request-handler\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"50947\">POST request<\/a> to the target router, leveraging the webWlanIdx parameter.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigation Guidance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Users are advised to apply the vendor patch from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28039-pre-auth-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-totolink-ex1200t\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"39498\">TOTOLINK as soon as possible to fix this vulnerability<\/a>. In cases where immediate patch application is not feasible, users may adopt Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure to prevent the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-54742-data-deserialization-vulnerability-in-wpevently-leading-to-possible-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"86438\">possible exploitation of this vulnerability<\/a>. However, these measures are not permanent solutions, and applying the patch remains essential to ensure <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-52950-unauthorized-access-exploitation-in-juniper-networks-security-director\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"86439\">network security<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview The CVE-2025-28038 vulnerability is a significant cybersecurity concern, primarily affecting users of the TOTOLINK EX1200T router. This vulnerability lies within the setWebWlanIdx function and allows for pre-auth remote command execution through the webWlanIdx parameter. Given its nature, attackers can exploit this weakness without any prior authentication, making it a significant threat to the confidentiality, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[80],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-33268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","attack_vector-rce"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33268"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":79237,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33268\/revisions\/79237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33268"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=33268"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=33268"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=33268"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=33268"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=33268"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=33268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}