{"id":33108,"date":"2025-04-28T17:48:55","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T17:48:55","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-09-26T14:05:10","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T20:05:10","slug":"cve-2025-28037-pre-auth-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-totolink-products","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28037-pre-auth-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-totolink-products\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2025-28037: Pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in TOTOLINK products<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the realm of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities are a common occurrence. However, some vulnerabilities pose a higher risk than others, and unfortunately, those are the ones that attract the attention of malicious actors. In this scenario, CVE-2025-28037 is the vulnerability we&#8217;ll be focusing on. It is a pre-auth remote <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28231-unauthorized-command-execution-in-itel-electronics-ip-stream\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"37661\">command execution<\/a> vulnerability discovered in two TOTOLINK products, namely A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 and A950RG V4.1.2cu.5161_B20200903. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28197-ssrf-vulnerability-in-crawl4ai-leading-to-potential-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"37942\">vulnerability is of significance due to its potential<\/a> impact, which includes system compromise or data leakage, and its high CVSS Severity Score of 9.8.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2025-28037<br \/>\nSeverity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: None<br \/>\nUser Interaction: None<br \/>\nImpact: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/yale-new-haven-health-system-data-breach-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-a-cybersecurity-breach-impacting-5-5-million-patients\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"39584\">System compromise or data<\/a> leakage<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1763388191\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 700px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 8px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 40px; height: 40px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    A new way to communicate\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\">\r\n    Ameeba Chat is built on encrypted identity, not personal profiles.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 16px;\">\r\n    Message, call, share files, and coordinate with identities kept separate.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\r\n    <li>\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Ameeba Chat authenticates access<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Aliases and categories<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, and files<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Secure notes for sensitive information<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\r\n    Private communication, rethought.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Download Ameeba Chat<\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Learn More<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28024-buffer-overflow-vulnerability-in-totolink-a810r-v4-1-2cu-5182-b20201026\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"39583\">TOTOLINK A810R<\/a> | V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28036-critical-vulnerability-in-totolink-a950rg-enables-remote-command-execution\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"40090\">TOTOLINK A950RG<\/a> | V4.1.2cu.5161_B20200903<\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The vulnerability lies in the setDiagnosisCfg function, which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-4083-process-isolation-vulnerability-in-thunderbird-and-firefox-due-to-improper-handling-of-javascript-uris\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"41675\">improperly processes<\/a> the ipDomain parameter. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-29287-high-severity-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability-in-mcms-v5-4-3\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"37747\">vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary<\/a> code without authentication. It can be exploited by sending a specially crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable device, which then <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-29659-critical-remote-command-execution-vulnerability-in-yi-iot-xy-3820\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"38178\">executes the malicious commands<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1561260945\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-23394-critical-unix-symbolic-link-following-vulnerability-in-opensuse-tumbleweed-cyrus-imapd\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"84135\">following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability<\/a> might be exploited:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">POST \/setDiagnosisCfg HTTP\/1.1\nHost: vulnerable-device-ip\nContent-Type: application\/json\n{ &quot;ipDomain&quot;: &quot;; rm -rf \/;&quot; }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In the above hypothetical example, the malicious command `; rm -rf \/;` is injected through the ipDomain parameter. If successful, this command would delete all <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-1093-critical-file-upload-vulnerability-in-aihub-wordpress-theme\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"37568\">files in the system of the vulnerable<\/a> device, causing severe damage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigation Guidance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Users of the affected TOTOLINK products are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/escalating-cybersecurity-threats-to-healthcare-providers-hscc-urges-immediate-action\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"54301\">urged to apply the patches provided<\/a> by the vendor as soon as possible. In case the patch cannot be applied immediately, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. It would also be wise to limit the devices&#8217; exposure to the internet and restrict <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-46274-unauthenticated-access-to-managed-database-through-hard-coded-credentials-in-uni-nms-lite\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"41400\">access to the management<\/a> interfaces of these devices to trusted networks only. Regular <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-6791-sql-injection-vulnerability-in-centreon-web-monitoring-event-logs-module\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"84134\">monitoring and log<\/a> reviews can also help in detecting any unusual activities.<br \/>\nRemember, in the world of cybersecurity, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cybersecurity-imperatives-for-africa-s-digital-rise-five-key-strategies-to-stay-ahead\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"54300\">staying updated and vigilant is the key<\/a> to protection.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview In the realm of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities are a common occurrence. However, some vulnerabilities pose a higher risk than others, and unfortunately, those are the ones that attract the attention of malicious actors. In this scenario, CVE-2025-28037 is the vulnerability we&#8217;ll be focusing on. It is a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability discovered in two [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[80],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-33108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","attack_vector-rce"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33108"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":76916,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33108\/revisions\/76916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33108"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=33108"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=33108"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=33108"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=33108"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=33108"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=33108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}